Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers in Iran Essay Example for Free
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers in Iran Essay Abstract            The conditions of post-traumatic conditions have been one of the major side effects on soldiers engaging wars and negative environment in the area of Iran. The psychological impact of this event involves various manifestations that prove to be non-beneficial and may even impair the psychological, mental, emotional and physical health of these soldiers. Even though the condition is widely known, the advent of social conflicts and emerging wars in the Pakistani- Iran environment has continuously caused the negative trauma among soldiers facing the threats. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD) in Soldiers in Iran Introduction            In general psychological perspective, soldiers who engage in war with exposure to at least one battle can suffer trauma. The longer the exposure to war’s traumatic circumstances the deeper the post-traumatic sense of a life-death continuum that rests at the heart of the PTSD syndrome. Soldiers with exposure to trauma would experience various post-traumatic states. In a military culture that emphasizes courage under fire, counterphobic impulsivity would dominate as the ideal mental and emotion state, and promoted the aggressive personality. Each soldier has a breaking point at which phobia breaks through. In some cases, phobia dominated from the beginning. The point at which the soldier’s spirit broke would lead to a state pf phobic withdrawal. In either case, the exposure to battle or an environment where death and dying by implements of war were common would create a life-death continuum (Reid, 2001 p.427).            As soldiers rotated home or were sent home wounded, difficulties became apparent. While many came home and resumed their lives, some brought home drug dependencies and emotional problems, including explosive anger, distrust of others and vigilance beyond what was considered normal. The problems came to the attention of the medical groups, Andover time, doctors and psychiatrists began to elaborate on the concept of traumatic stress and PSTD (Roberts, 2003 p. 6). The most immediate effects of traumatic scenarios are manifested in the sensory that causes overload through sudden exposure to the bewildering, often exotic details of a much less advanced and alien society. Iran-American soldiers are both victims of the traumatic events experienced in the war; thus, engages these individuals in PSTD. Discussion PSTD: An Overview            What is now referred to as PSTD has been around since recorded history under many different designations and description, and the most prominent manifestations are for those individuals who engage in traumatic events, such as war and deviant phenomenon (Lewis, 2006 p,63). PSTD occurs in response to the personal experience of overwhelming, terrifying, potentially lethal stress directed toward oneself or someone with whom the individual has a close attachment. The condition is a unique mental disorder that develops directly as a result of exposure to some type of trauma (Lewis, 2006 p,62). Examples of possible precipitations of PSTD would include severe automobile accidents, being raped or assaulted, and being exposed violent events. The individual then re-experiences the event in various ways, such as recurrent stressful recollections of the event, dreams of the event, and a sense that the traumatic event may be occurring again. The individual then attempts to avoid such cues in different methodologies, such as numbing of responses or becoming distant and removed (Mitchell, 2001 p.107).            In the field of traumatic stress studies, it has been common, if not traditionally accepted, to define trauma by the nature of the stressors that influence the individual. Psychologically traumatic event can be construed as one in which the person has experienced an external stressor event that is injurious to the normal state and results in a condition that reflects this injury to the pre-traumatic state of being (Lewis, 2006 p,62-63). Thus, the injury caused by a traumatic event could produce varying degrees of distress to the victim for varying lengths of time, depending on the nature of the person, the nature of the traumatic experience, and the personal and social resources available for recovery and re-stabilization of the psychological state (Williams, 1994 p.7). PSTD is an unusual emotional disorder in that unlike disorders, such as depression and panic disorder, it is not defined simply in terms of its symptoms. To qualify for a diagnosis of PSTD, an individual must be exposed to an incident in which he or she feels that his or her life, safety, or emotional integrity has been seriously threatened. Often, for victims who have experienced a traumatic event, they may first be diagnosed with an adjustment disorder or an acute stress disorder (Lewis, 2006 p,62). Wars have provided a setting where large numbers of soldiers, subjected to varying degrees of stress, could be observed and studied by physicians of the period. The stress caused by war has been codified and labeled with such terms as: combat exhaustion, traumatic war neurosis, war or combat stress and, most recently, PSTD (Scrignar, 1991 p.87). Assessing traumatic experiences and understanding their impact on the trauma victim involve determining what is stored in the trauma network. While keeping the stimulus, response, and meaning dimensions in mind, the clinician should listen carefully to the clients account of the trauma, and then inquire explicitly about memory elements that are absent or de-emphasized (Williams, 1992 p.24). PSTD symptoms are generally grouped into three categories (Lewis, 2006 p,63) Re-experiencing includes disturbed sleep, intrusive memories, distressing dreams, nightmares, flashbacks, reliving the event, a view of the world as unsafe. Numbing and avoidance mistrust of others, isolation and disconnection, emotional or psychic numbness, low self-esteem, neglect of health, dissociation, ability to remember memories or feelings but not both, memory loss for certain events, loss of faith and hope. Hyperarousal – intense emotions, difficulty sleeping, panic and anxiousness, self-harm, risky behaviors, irritability, anger, difficulty concentrating. PSTD: Sufferings of the Soldiers            In the aftermath of September 11, many parents and educators have struggled to help young people cope with traumatic events and have sought out ways to teach about crises without causing more trauma and stress. The conflict between Iran and United States has been pushed to its very limits; hence, initiated catastrophic moves during 2001 up to present, which caused the another class of America-Iran war. Many studies conducted by the American Psychiatric Association indicated that many American soldiers experience post-traumatic stress disorder, which follows a psychologically traumatic event outside of the range of usual human experiences. The symptoms may include nightmares, depression, withdrawal, hopelessness, sleep disorders, and other somatic complaints. The terrorism of September 11, 2001, and its association with Afghanistan have only added to the stress faced by the soldiers as well as the refugees living in the area as well as United States (Andrews and Boyle, 2002 p.328).            Military psychologists have long known that fear, stress, and exhaustion cause more casualties than do bombs and bullets. The ratios of psychological to physical casualties can be enormous considering the fact that war-related trauma is potentially severe, repeated and prolonged. Many American soldiers who fought for Iran and Afghanistan war during terrorism counter-siege have experienced immense manifestations psychological torture. According to psychological analysts, the primary goal of terrorism is to inflict psychological trauma for political ends. The exploitation of terror for political purposes is hardly new, when the French government employed terrorism to buttress the revolution (Allen, 2005 p.9).            According to statistics issued by United States Army of mental health, 76% of soldiers have been traumatized by deaths or severe injuries of individuals close to them, while 55% of the soldiers have experienced near-death situations (e.g. bomb explosions, bomb trap, and roadside explosions). These causations have been deemed as the primary contributor to the occurrence of the said conditions (Weinstein, 2006). The table below shows the decline and rise of lethality, fatality and psychological trauma caused by the terrorism in the surveyed American military force. Table 1. Decline and Rise of Lethality, Fatality and Psychological Trauma Caused by the Terrorism Year U.S Dept. of State # Incidents U.S. Dept. of State # of Fatalities U.S Dept. of State #. Psychologically Traumatized 1994 322 314 663 1995 440 177 6,277 1996 296 314 2,915 1997 304 221 693 1998 273 741 5,952 1999 392 233 706 2000 423 405 791 2001 567 * 50,000 8,902 2002 663 * 20,000 16,321 Note: * Data are crude estimates only since, the number of fatalities is yet to be determined due to lack of data available. Source: Das and Peter, 2003 p.43-44            The table above shows variably rising and falling statistics with certain timeline that determines the probable cause of the rise and fall. For example, the recent terrorism attacks of 2001 has caused immense fatalities, and the number continued to progress but greatly lowered since most of the fatalities during 2002 are mostly from military activities. However, sad to say, the number of those who has been traumatized increased in two-folds due to the war that these military powers engaged. The trauma caused by war caused psychological impact due to trauma among these soldiers as manifested by the table statistics above; hover, PSTD may not be the sole classification of the trauma caused by the said impact. Other psychological trauma-related conditions have been reported to occur in these soldiers, such as phobia, severe anxiety disorders, etc (Das and Peter, 2003 p.45-46).            Post-traumatic conditions have been found to most of the soldiers that entered the episodes of war. Only recently (2006), the Ministry of Defense has decided to reward $375,000 upon membership to Armed Forces who have suffered PSTD from Iraq-American wars (Evans, 2006). The federal government has allotted these funds in order to provide free treatment of those soldiers who incur physical and psychological damage from the field, such as those with PSTD. Medications for PSTD patients, such as Fluoexetine, sertraline, paroxetine, propanolol, have been provided by the government in order to ensure the treatment progression of these soldiers. Furthermore, psychological counseling, treatment and management for remedy of phobia or trauma have been initiated through federal government’s grants (Weinstein, 2006; Evans, 2006). References: Allen, J. G. (2005). Coping with Trauma: Hope Through Understanding. American Psychiatric Pub. Andrews, M. M., Boyle, J. S. (2002). Transcultural Concepts in Nursing Care. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Das, D. K., Kratcoski, P. C. (2003). Meeting the Challenges of Global Terrorism: Prevention, Control, and Global Terrorism. Lexington Books. Evans, M. (2006, November 17). MoD agrees  £375,000 for post-trauma stress. Retrieved January 10, 2008, from Times Online: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article1087438.ece Lewis, G. W. (2006). Organizational Crisis Management: The Human Factor. CRC Press. Matiolli, D. J. (2003, January). War with Iraq. Social Education, 67, Mitchell, J. (2001). Points of View: Stories of Psychopathology. Psychology Press. Reid, J. J. (2000). Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839-1878. Franz Steiner Verlag. Roberts, C. A. (2003). Coping with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Guide for Families. McFarland Company. Scott, M. J., Stradling, S. G. (2000). Counselling for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. SAGE. Scrignar, C. B. (1991). Stress Strategies: The Treatment of the Anxiety Disorders. Wellness Institute, Inc.. Weinstein, M. N. (2006, January). The Psychological Dilemma of Terrorism Post 9-11. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 3, Williams, M. B. (1994). Handbook of Post-Traumatic Therapy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Monday, January 20, 2020
Symbolism :: essays research papers
Symbolism      In each of the three works Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, and â€Å"The Tragedy of Julius Caesar†, written by William Shakespeare all have a strong common characteristic. Keeping in mind each author came from different backgrounds and had very different motivations for writing each novel/play it’s ironic that in each story the main idea is redundant. Each of the three stories uses symbolism as a way to relate conflicts in the story to the conflicts in the real world. Symbolism in Lord of the Flies      In Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses symbolism in three important areas: objects that have symbolic value as references to ideas, characters that symbolize important religious and historical people, and the setting which frames conflict on the island in comparison to the whole world. (Bernard Oldsley, pg. 215)      Many objects in the Lord of the Flies have symbolic value. The conch shell represents power and authority, Ralph uses the shell to call for the boys to come to the meetings, whoever has the shell has the power to talk. â€Å"The conch shows how people use objects to give power in the world, like a crown, ribbon, or other things that show who has power. We also learn that objects don’t really give a lot of power when people choose not to obey it, like Ralph’s conch.†(Steven Magill, pg. 2059)      The pigs head of Lord of the Flies are both important objects, to Jack it’s a sacrifice for the beast. This object shows that people will make religions and rituals to control their world, even when what they think is not true. (Chris Dakins, pg. 123)      The Lord of the Flies is also a symbol of Satan or the Devil. When Simon talked to the Lord of the Flies â€Å"he learned what the real evil was, which is in people’s hearts.†(Chelsea House, pg. 22). The Lord of the Flies is a symbol of the things we make up to be the cause for evil, when those things aren’t the real reason.      The fire is a symbol of hope and rescue. When the fire was burning bright, it was because the boys were working very hard to get rescued. When the fire burned out it was because many boys, like Jack did not care anymore about being rescued. In the end, the fire that got them rescued was not meant for rescue it was there because Jack was burning down the island to kill Ralph.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Nutrition and Diet Therapy Essay
As one can see from this table, my calorie consumption was consistently under or at the maximum limit that Supertracker set for me. Compared to the first food journal and diet analysis that I completed this is a drastic change for the better. I followed my own recommendation to decrease my daily caloric intake from the first diet analysis. As you may recall from my first diet analysis, I exceeded my total calories limit for each of the five days; one day I consumed over 2500 calories. I was proud to see that I was capable of making such a healthy change by using a little self-control. c) According to the â€Å"five-hundred rule†, in order to lose or gain one pound of body fat per week, one must have a difference of 500 kcalories either way (500 more to gain, 500 less to lose) than the body uses per day for 7 days. This adds up to a difference of 3500 kcalories in order to lose a pound (Lutz & Przytulski, 2011). For day one, I consumed 561 kcalories less than my limit of 180 0 kcal. On day two, I ate 789 kcal less than my limit and burned 822 kcal by biking. On day three, again I ate 565 kcal less than my limit and burned 822 kcal by biking. I ate 480 kcal less than my body used on day four. However, day five consisted of almost the full 1800 kcal (1795 exactly) consumed and expended. For the whole week, this adds up to a difference of 4,044 kcal. In other words, I lost a little over a pound during the week of 10/7-10/11 because I ate 2400 kcal less than my body used and burned 1644 kcal by means of physical activity. As you may recall, I did not engage in any physical activity during the first diet analysis, so doing so played a large role in my success. d) (United States Department of Agriculture). In comparing the meal summary reports from diet analysis one to diet analysis two, I see that I ate less overall during the time period for diet analysis two. For a couple of the days, I didn’t eat very much for dinner and for almost all for the days, I decreased my portion sizes. For example, on 10/10, I only ate one slice of French toast for breakfast. Before I completed my first diet analysis and recommendations, I might have eaten two or three slices at a time. Also, I ate less fast food during the second diet analysis compared to the first; this fulfills another recommendation (decrease fast food intake). Likewise, I can see in this meal summary that I made the effort to eat fruits and vegetablesâ€â€another recommendation fulfilled. e) I did indeed change my physical activity for this diet analysis. I rode my bike two nights out of the five for an hour each time. This is an improvement compared to my complete lack of physical activity during the first diet analysis. I think I made the change because of how awful it looked on paper to not have exercised at all for almost a full week. Additionally, it felt good to be doing something healthy for my body and I’m glad I made the effort. f) The three foods highest in kcalories are listed in the table below: Food Number of kcal Macaroni and cheese 672 Chili with beef, beans, and cheese 635 Chicken pot pie 486 From the first diet analysis, the following were the foods highest in kcal and their number of kcal: Food Number of kcal Double cheeseburger 748 Burrito 628 Potato salad 525 Comparing the two, I see that my food with the highest number of calories for diet analysis two was lower than the food with the highest number of calories from diet analysis one. In other words, I improved in that the foods that I consumed for diet analysis two were not quite as high in caloric count. g) I could still use some tips and guidance as to how to reduce the number of calories that I consume in order to continue to meet caloric recommendations. So, upon researching the topic, I found that according to an article by Harms et al. (2012), there are two simple ways of reducing the number of calories in one’s diet. First, eliminating food items that are high in calories and replacing them with food items that are low in calories can make a big difference in one’s total calorie count. For instance, I could eliminate about 136 calories for every time that I replace a can of Coke for a bottle of sparkling water. This concept and recommendation is more appealing to me and has a better chance of success than my earlier recommendation from diet analysis one of simply eliminating Coke. Another example of an exchange that I could make is switching from 2% milk to skim milk in order to cut the calories in half while still receiving the beneficial nutrients of milk like calcium and vitamin D (Harms, R. W. et al. 2012). The second way that I could reduce my total calorie count is by reducing the sizes of the portions of food that I am consuming. In the article by Harms et al. (2012), there is a good reminder that as the serving size is increased, the total number of calories increases; so, if I eat double or triple the serving size, I am also eating double or triple the total calories. As I stand right now, I do not read food labels. However, if I would read the food labels of the foods that I eat in order to discover the true serving size and calorie count, I am sure that I would be enlightened. An example of a reduced serving size for me could be eating a 4 inch pancake instead of a 6 inch pancake, eliminating more than half of the calories consumed (Harms, R. W. et al. 2012). Reducing portion sizes was also a recommendation from my first diet analysis, yet I did not know the impact it could have on my calorie count. Another step I can take in reducing the total number of calories that I am consuming is by not skipping meals. As I look at my first diet analysis as well as my second one, I can see where I skipped meals just drinking a glass of milk for breakfast or a can of Coke or a bottle of water for lunch or dinner. This is not a wise choice. Skipping meals makes a person hungrier, in turn making it more difficult to limit portion sizes and make healthy food choices at the next meal. Instead, filling up on foods that are high in fiber and water like fruits, vegetables, and soups can help with satiety while controlling and reducing caloric intake. References 5 ways to cut 500 calories from your diet. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/health/gallery/500_calories?pg=6 Harms, R. W., Berge, K. G., Hagen, P. T., Litin, S. C., Sheps, S. G., Edwards, B. S., †¦ Pruthi, S. (2012, June 19). Counting calories: getting back to weight loss basics. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/calories/WT00011/NSECTIONGROUP=2 Lutz, C. A. & Przytulski, K. R. (2011). Nutrition and diet therapy (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company United States Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Meal summary report. Retrieved from https://www.supertracker.usda.gov/MealSummaryReport.aspx
Saturday, January 4, 2020
The War Of A National Highway System - 1463 Words
The term New Frontier was used by liberal, Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech. Kennedy entered office with the goal to get rid of Americas poverty, and to raise America’s eyes to the stars through the space program. During the New Frontier, unemployment benefits were expanded, aid was provided to cities to improve housing and transportation, funds were allocated to continue the construction of a national highway system started under Eisenhower, a water pollution control act was passed to protect the country’s rivers and streams, and an agricultural act to raise farmers’ incomes was made law. The bay of pigs invasion was a failed military invasion of Cuba. Brigade 2506, the group that attempted to invade cuba, was made up of Cubans who fled the country after Castro’s takeover, was trained and funded by the CIA. The CIA Castro gone because he was a communist, and at the time everyone was afraid of communists. This attack lasted three days before Brigade 2506 was defeated. The Cuban missile crisis, also known as the October crisis, was a confrontation between the U.S and Soviet Union and was the closest the Cold War came to being an actual war. In response to the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, Castro reached out to the Soviet Union and asked for nuclear missiles to scare away any more countries thinking about attacking Cuba. After a long period of tense negotiations, an agreement was reached between President John F.Show MoreRelatedEssay On American Economic Development971 Words  | 4 PagesOn June 29, 1956, the Federal Aid Highway Act was passed allowing for the construction of the Interstate Highway System. These limited-access highways would open the door for economic development across the country with their higher speeds and consistent route across state lines. In 1960, after the development of the interstates had yielded early promising economic results, a group of governors in Appalachia met with Presidential Candidate John F. Kennedy to discu ss the needs of their impoverishedRead MorePresident Eisenhower Was The Greatest President1215 Words  | 5 Pagesgreatest president in United States history because he instilled firsthand his experiences from times of war and times of peace, to increase the government’s power during his presidential term and years to follow. He was a well-established military general during many United States campaigns, before he took office as president of the United States. The most notable campaign he took part in was World War II, where he was the Supreme Allied Commander of European Forces and held the highest rank a UnitedRead MoreHighway Effectiveness And Regional Economic Growth1460 Words  | 6 PagesApplied Econometrics Professor Gary Rife Yongxin Shan 12/13/2016 Highway effectiveness and regional economic growth Introduction The construction of transportation infrastructure to national economic strength and efficiency is usually mentioned as a key to promoting development. We believe that it provides a strong support for the both economics and social undertaking, so that it focuses on where people live and where businesses locate. In other words, the decision of transportation constructionRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles During The First World War1440 Words  | 6 PagesGermany were defeated by the Allied Powers in the First World War. The Armistice was signed on 11 November 1918 putting an end to the war. On June 28, 1919, Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles (Thompson 548). The treaty demanded Germany to take full responsibility of all losses and damages which had occurred during the war. Also, the treaty called for the disarmament of Germany s military force, territorial concessions, and war reparation payments. Although the Treaty of Versailles didRead MoreDual Federalism Vs D ual Federalism732 Words  | 3 PagesGovernment 10/23/17 How come we can go from Pennsylvania to New Jersey without paperwork but pay a different amount of state tax for purchases made in the different state? The answer is federalism, federalism is having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs. These discissions were made in the Federalist Papers written by the Founders. 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Many programs, agencies and policies were created to transform American society and government. One of the greatest transformations to American society was the mass migration of families from the inner cities to the suburbs. This was thought to make for a better quality of life and a stronger nuclear family.Read MoreIndependence During The War For Independence1512 Words  | 7 Pagesaspired too many roles in Mexico before and after the war on independence. These roles by both bandits and the police were backed by motivations that changed over time but some that stayed the same. The changes that happen were led by the reformation of a rural police force in Mexico and also the rise/reign of Porfirio Diaz that brought about supporters with a long rule. The bandits and police had many roles in Mexican society after the War for Independence. The bandit’s roles are somewhat uniqueRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1496 Words  | 6 Pageshow legislature is reacting to these new laws. Recreational marijuana legalization has a large state-wide affect as well as a national presence; it is to be considered in halting the war on drugs, the divide between the state and the federal government, federal banks, taxes and highway safety. The movement toward to legalization of marijuana has reached an apogee, the war on drugs has seemingly become more costly than helpful. The United States is built on the principle that if one does wrong, theyRead MoreMilitary And Political Tension During The Cold War997 Words  | 4 Pages Cold War is the name given to military and political tension during 1947-1991, between the two countries that emerged as the world super powers at the end of the World War II, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. Quite a few events took place during the cold war that shape the country and its foreign policies during the cold war and a few years after it. 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Friday, December 27, 2019
Raising The Minimum Wage - 1864 Words
America is a place where the people strive to create equal opportunities in every avenue of life. Every American should have unrestricted access to the options presented before them, allowing them to pursue their life goals and die happy deaths. However, this principle only stands for access to options, it has nothing to do with the advantages and disadvantages of said choices. The American dream is the idea that if you work hard enough, persevere, and really believe in yourself, good things will come. Drastically raising the minimum wage goes against all of those principles, rewarding lethargic actions and poor life choices. Raising the minimum wage to $15 will do more harm than good for middle class americans by decreasing the value of the money in their pockets, driving out big companies, and generally increasing unemployment. Increasing the minimum wage causes middle class Americans have less money in their pockets to spend. Representatives of both businesses and charities have a lmost unanimously stated that they will be forced to reduce their hours and staff size to conform to the wage increase (Englander). The risk of getting laid off or getting your hours cut because of a wage increase is ludicrous, considering said increase is meant to benefit those same people. San Francisco has recently increased their minimum wage to $15 an hour, and is starting to struggle to support it. The number of households in the area earning less than $25,000 a year is steadily growing,Show MoreRelatedRaising The Minimum Wage? Essay1217 Words  | 5 PagesThe minimum wage is one of the most discussed issues around the country. Everyone has a different opinion if raising the minimum wage would help families across the country to have a better lifestyle or if would cause an unbalance in the economy. Democrats and Republicans have a different view on this issue, while Democrats supports raising the minimum wage by $15 an hour, Republicans have stated that they refuse increasi ng the wage because it would leave different factions of Americans outside ofRead MoreRaising Minimum Wage912 Words  | 4 PagesMinimum wage has long been a topic that has brought on many heated debates. It has been said over and over again that minimum wage should be raised. These people say that raising minimum wage only does good for people. However, I, along with many other people, believe this is wrong, and we should instead be making moves to keep minimum wage where it is. Raising minimum wage may provide some positive effects, but those positives only go on to be overwhelmed by the negative effects caused by it. WagesRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage?1575 Words  | 7 PagesThe issue of raising the minimum wage from $7.25 to $15 an hour is a heavily debated topic. Both sources against or in favor of the minimum wage refer to a â€Å"growing gap†between low-income workers and high-income earners. Sources against the minimum wage believe raising it will increase this gap, whereas those in favor of the minimum wage believe it will decrease this gap. The arguments in favor of the minimum wage rely mostly on ethical beliefs, such as â€Å"pay should reflect hard work,†to advanceRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage888 Words  | 4 Pages Raising the Minimum Wage The employment effect of the minimum wage is one of the most studied topics in all economics. Today, the debate over raising the minimum wage has been a hot topic after President Obama explained in his 2014 State of the Union address that he intends to raise the minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 per hour, an increase of over 40 percent. While the President and his supporters claim that this increase would greatly benefit the economy and result in growing the businessesRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage?1122 Words  | 5 Pagesâ€Å"Raise the wage!†reads many protestors’ signs across America. Many people believe this to be the answer to the financial inequality that plagues our country. The federal minimum wage was established to keep workers from settling on a poor living standard (Leonard A.11). Since this was passed, multiple debates and issues have risen. One begins to ask the question, is this truly the best way to resolve the unequal distribution of wealth? Aft er research, it has been found that there are many drawbacksRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage1979 Words  | 8 PagesResearch Raising the minimum wage can result in job losses due to lower profits for businesses. It can also potentially decrease employee hours by changing them from full time to part time. Additionally, it may reduce the full time benefits that they receive. If this were to happen, then the employees affected will actually be earning less than they did before the increase. For example, from the Article Maximum Divide on Minimum Wage (Mejeur, 2014), they state, â€Å"Labor costs are the largest shareRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage?870 Words  | 4 PagesThe topic of raising the minimum wage has many different viewpoints. It is thought to be affected negatively and positively. Some believe it increases unemployment and poverty. Others believe it creates jobs, helps the economy and low-income families by giving them more money to give back to the economy. Doug Hall, director of the Economic Analysis and Research Network and David Cooper, Economic Analyst at the Economic Policy Institute, expressed how the increase in minimum wage affects certainRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage1037 Words  | 5 PagesRaising the minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 is not a good idea. The unintended consequences that would come about as a result is reason enough to shy away from such a proposal. Those who support an increase contend that it will alleviate poverty. Suppose these advocates are right and a spike in the minimum wage does reduce poverty for some fortunate workers. This positive development will be offset because an increase in the minimum wage will further price out inexperienced workers from the jobRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage?2447 Words  | 10 PagesThe minimum wage is defined as the lowest compensation, by law, which an employer may pay his or her employees. In the United States, this monetary value is set by a collection of la ws on the federal, state, and local levels. While state and local governments may choose to observe a higher minimum wage than the national minimum wage, the federal government ultimately controls the income of the nation’s lowest-earning employees. At the federal level, the minimum wage was last raised in 2009, fromRead MoreEffect Of Raising Minimum Wage1215 Words  | 5 PagesEffects of Raising Minimum Wage The minimum wage in this country has been a controversial issue. Many people believe it will help reduce poverty and boost the economy. However, they are not looking at the downfalls this will bring to our country. This could make the unemployment population rise, it will raise prices of other things, and would have little effect on reducing poverty. Raising the minimum wage would have a negative influence on our country. This movement throughout our country
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Bangladesh Economy a Swot Analysis - 3420 Words
[2010] [Bangladesh Economy: A SWOT Analysis] Course Title: HRM 501 Submitted to: Lieutenant General Mohd. Aminul Karim MBA Program BRAC University Prepared by: Nushrat Sharmin ID # 09264022 MBA Program Summer 2010 Semester Introduction This paper aims to examine Bangladeshs overall economy with special focus on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis. The research has found that Bangladesh is going to encounter series of economic hurdles in near future. Over the last few decades, Bangladesh has been following a development path that was blazed by the fast growing Asian economies with export led growth fuelling higher living standards and falling poverty. Despite this, it is not too difficult to posit that†¦show more content†¦Beginning in late 1975, the government gradually gave greater scope to private sector participation in the economy, a pattern that has continued. A few state-owned enterprises have been privatized, but many, including major portions of the banking and jute sectors, remain under government control. Population growth, inefficiency in the public sector, resistance to developing the countrys richest natural resources, and limited capital have all continued to restric t economic growth. In the mid-1980s, there were encouraging, if halting, signs of progress. Economic policies aimed at encouraging private enterprise and investment, denationalizing public industries, reinstating budgetary discipline, and liberalizing the import regime were accelerated. From 1991 to 1993, the government successfully followed an enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) but failed to follow through on reforms in large part because of preoccupation with the governments domestic political troubles. In the late 1990s the governments economic policies became more entrenched, and some of the early gains were lost, which was highlighted by a precipitous drop in foreign direct investment in 2000 and 2001. In June 2003 the IMF approved 3-year, $490-million plan as part of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) for Bangladesh thatShow MoreRelatedMarketing1853 Words  | 8 PagesTHE SWOT ANALYSIS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH [pic] Based on a Study of MARKETING MANAGEMENT TERM PAPER ON THE SWOT ANALYSIS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH |SUBMITTED TO | |MD. ABDULLAH | |Assistant Professor Read MoreSwot Analysis of Indian Economy762 Words  | 4 PagesSWOT Analysis of various sectors of Indian Economy. 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Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Competitive Advantage of Food Court Operation
Questions: 1.Cover the theory of quantitative, qualitative and hybrid designs? 2.How you intend to collect your data. For example, on-site researcher-filled-in survey for quantitative or/and focus group discussion for qualitative research? 3.Sample selection: Relate to theory like Neuma's Theory for quantitative survey? 4.Identify technique to analyse taped focus group discussion. You should be looking at softwares and thematic analysis techniques? 5.Ethical considerations: Relate to your data collection methods and highlight the concerns? Answers: Introduction Competitive advantage can be regarded as a condition or circumstance that positions a particular corporation in a desirable and bigger business position (Baker and Sinkula, 2015). Particularly, it is important to have a competitive advantage as this can be considered as a leverage that a particular business can have over other competitors in the market. Particularly, competitive advantage can be regarded as an important factor that is essential for two different types, namely, cost advantage as well as differentiation advantage (Denrell and Powell, 2016). Therefore, the food court operators in Singapore need to design different competitive business strategy for gaining a competitive edge in the market. Management of corporations needs to be aware of diverse resources as well as organizational objectives that present distinctive competencies for obtaining competitive advantage and for the creation of value. 1.Research Design Quantitative strategies strain target estimations and the real, scientific, or numerical investigation of facts gathered thru surveys, polls, and research, or by means of controlling preceding measurable statistics making use of computational methods. Quantitative studies concentrate on social occasion numerical facts and summing it up crosswise over gatherings of people or to clarify a particular venture (Gauch, 2013). The goal in directing quantitative studies take a look at is to determine the connection among one thing (an independent variable) and the other (dependent variable) inside a population. Quantitative studies plans are both graphic [subjects typically measured once] or trial [subjects measured previously, then after the fact a treatment]. An enlightening evaluates units up simply the connection among elements; a test take a look at builds up causality. Quantitative studies deal in numbers, intent, and an intention function. Quantitative research concentrates on numeric and steady statistics, and point through point united thinking in place of distinct wondering, i.e., the generation of an assortment of mind concerning a research problem in an unconstrained, loose-streaming manner (Lawrence, 2011). However, the phrase qualitative shows an accentuation at the traits of materials and on procedures, what's more, ramifications that are not probably investigated or measured (if measured by any means) as a path as the sum, entirety, constrain, or reiteration. Subjective analysts push the socially created nature of the reality, the non-open association between the scientist and what's considered, and the situational goals that shape ask. Such scientists spotlight the regard stacked nature of a demand. They scan for answers for request that pressure how social experience is made and given significance. Evidently, quantitative audits underscore the estimation and research of causal associations between components, not administration. Subjective assortments of demand are mulled over by methods for various social and behavioral specialists to be as a decent arrangement a point of view on the best way to technique exploring a studies trouble as it's far a method (Howell, 2013). The qualitative research scene is perpetually changing and is brimming with new chances to grasp advanced strategies and reexamine and revive face to face techniques. Notwithstanding, an ideal venture configuration is regularly a hybrid approach as a couple of techniques can convey the ideal arrangement alone. In this case, joining techniques can give the most astute outcomes. A hybrid approach can be a blend of various qualitative methodologies, or it can be a mix of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Below is a summary, borrowed from Joubish, (2009), as to why a research design ought to be a hybrid one: There are diverse goals attained through various methodologies There are different exercises for a similar target A project manager needs both in-the-minute criticism and responses after some time A project manager needs specific criticism and group communication in cooperation A project manager arranges a detailed procedure. 2. Data Collection Methods The choice of technique is tormented by the records amassing system, the kind of thing, the precision required, the accumulation factor and the capacity of the enumerator. Interfaces among a variable, its supply and viable techniques for its accumulation can assist in choosing appropriate techniques. According to Berg (2009), the number one records accumulation techniques are: Registration: registers and licenses are especially profitable for end list, yet are restricted by factors that alternate gradually, for instance, portions of meals courts and their attributes. Surveys: shapes which can be finished and returned by respondents. A reasonable method that is treasured wherein schooling rates are excessive and respondents are co-agent. Interviews: frames which can be finished through an assembly with the respondent. Dearer than polls, yet they are better for greater unpredictable inquiries, low education or less co-operation. Observations: making direct estimations is the maximum unique method for a few elements but is frequently pricey. Several strategies, as an instance, spectator projects, are confined to enterprise requirements. Reporting: the principle contrasting option to making direct estimations is to require fishers and others to document their physical games. Revealing calls for education and cooperation, but, may be supported via a lawful necessity and direct estimations. A sign in is a storehouse of statistics on businesses, gadgets, and licenses. It is able to be utilized to collect end specification via a lawful necessity. Registers are actualized when there may be a demand for exact statistics on the dimensions and kind of the undertaking force and for near checking of physical activities to guarantee consistency. They will likewise consolidate records diagnosed with monetary purposes (for instance, issuance or recuperation of licenses). Despite reality that registers are typically finished for capacities separated from to accumulate certainties, they might be to a great degree prized in the arrangement and utilization of a quantifiable system, gave that the data they join are steady, promising and complete (Creswell, 2011). A registry need to include new facts as well as have the potential to show that a selected document is dormant (for instance, a corporation has stopped operations) or file modifications in procedures (perhaps a venture's overseeing confine has extended). At the off hazard that licenses must be reestablished every year, data assembled from approving organizations is particularly helpful, as records are invigorated each year (Patton, 2012). Registry information likewise includes criteria for the grouping of units into strata. These arrangements are normally in view of presumptions and from the sooner studying on differences in prices. With the aid of and huge, registers are unpredictable frameworks requiring entrenched regulatory structures strengthened with the aid of compelling information correspondences, information stockpiling, and handling segments. In that potential, they transcendently control simply sure types and length of devices, regularly having a place with business and semi-business armadas. Small-scale and subsistence units along with sizable quantities of angling devices are regularly no longer some portions of a sign-up framework or, if enlisted, aren't effortlessly followed that allows you to allow approval or clean. In interviews, information is received via application and documented by enumerators. Prepared interviews are done through using evaluation settings, although open interviews are transcripts fetched whilst speaking to the cluster of respondents. The notes are on this way prepared (decoded) for additional examination. Open-ended interviews, which should be deciphered and investigated notwithstanding amid the assembly, must be completed via all round prepared spectators and additionally enumerators. On the other hand, with interviews, where an enumerator offers conversation starters straightforwardly, questionnaires allude to shapes filled in with the aid of respondents alone. Questionnaires can be given out or dispatched through mail and later collected or back to sender. This technique can be acquired for the complete population or inspected divisions (Creswell, 2013). 3.Sample Selection The subject choice is critical for arranging a research project. A researcher has to consider how he/she will pick a cluster. For some research projects, there will be just a few individuals inside a research population, in which case it may be conceivable to contact everybody. This is known as statistics. In any case, for most projects, unless there are a gigantic spending plan, boundless timescale and a vast group of questioners, it will be hard to address each individual inside the research population (Soeters et al, 2014). The population is the total of items, people or occasions which meet a predefined set of criteria on which the research is summed up. Researchers beat this issue of generalization/summing up by picking a littler, more reasonable number of individuals to participate in their research. This is called sampling. It clarifies what is going on inside a gathering of individuals. According to Franklin (2012), choice of subjects from a population depends on: Integration standards Prohibition standards After utilization of integration criteria and prohibition criteria, the target population is to be taken in study e.g. in the investigation of the yearly demise rate of under 5-year-old youngsters because of looseness of the bowels, kids under 5 years of age are the target population (entire nation). Figuring the most suitable sample size is a critical stride in the examination procedure. A bigger sample gives a more exact gauge of the "genuine" circumstance yet the advantages of expanded sample size get littler as you close to the aggregate population. Consequently, there is an exchange off between sample accuracy and contemplations of ideal asset utilize. There are no 'dependable guidelines' when deciding sample size for quantitative research. It is impractical to state whether 10% of the population, for example, would give a sufficient sample, as this will be influenced by various elements. You ought to be careful about sample arranges in research or assessments that propose sample size can be computed utilizing a rate of the population without further elucidation or basis for this. (Silverman, 2011) Analysts will figure sample size utilizing a scope of various conditions, each of which is proper for various research circumstances and settings. It is critical to talk about the goals of your exploration, expected outcomes, information sorts, assets and setting with an analyst or specialized guide at the planning phase of your examination keeping in mind the end goal to compute a proper sample (Guba Lincoln, 2013). It is additionally helpful to comprehend the two principle insights, which will be utilized to ascertain the sample size. These are the provisional confidence or margin of error and the confidence level. In this paper, the target population would be 500 food courts in Singapore. Out of that 500, only 10% would form the sample. 4. Data Analysis Techniques A large number of programming projects intended for use with quantitative information is accessible today, and they are recommended for automated data analysis (Herrman, (2010). Quantitative research, prevalently measurable examination, is as yet regular in the sociologies and such programming is habitually utilized among sociology analysts. Most strikingly, measurable bundles discover applications in the sociologies. The fundamental request made of such bundles in sociology research is that they be complete, adaptable, and can be utilized with a record. A valuable factual programming device can produce organized reports, outlines, and plots of dispersions and patterns, and in addition, create elucidating insights and more intricate measurable investigations. Ultimately, a User Interface (UI) that makes it simple and natural for all levels of clients is an absolute necessity (Nida et al, 2011). While unmistakably to begin with at home in without a doubt qualitative research, a powerful and adaptable application like Atlas.ti can likewise create quantitative facts and has an immediate fact switch to SPSS, the most mainstream factual quantitative programming bundle. Additionally, the probability to absolutely trade expand brings approximately the all-inclusive open xml information design (xml data may result easily and redesigned to be practical in a huge wide variety of customers). Overall, Atlas.ti is remarkably perfect for current mixed strategy strategies (Washington et al, 2010). 5. Ethical Considerations Bias in sampling may possibly happen if choices are made about sample determination that implies that a few people have a more noteworthy possibility of being chosen for the sample than others. Sample inclination is a noteworthy flopping in an examination plan and can prompt to uncertain, untrustworthy outcomes. There are distinctive sorts of inclination. For instance, landing area inclination identifies with the tendency to review those towns that are effortlessly open by street. Concluding Remarks In the event that both quantitative and qualitative information have been gathered a researcher ought to thoroughly analyze these discoveries when translating the work. The reconciliation of quantitative and qualitative research can give us a more extensive comprehension of our exploration subject. Quantitative research can depict size and appropriation of progress, for example, though qualitative research gives an inside and out comprehension of the social, political and social setting. Blended techniques of examining permits us to triangulate discoveries, which can fortify the legitimacy, what's more, augment the utility of our work. A researcher ought to likewise think about your discoveries in contrast with other research or assessment work in the range and consider whether discoveries were comparative. References Baker, W. E., and Sinkula, J. M., (2015) Maintaining Competitive Advantage Through Organizational Unlearning. Proceedings of the 1999 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 206-209). Springer International Publishing Berg, Bruce L., (2009) Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Seventh Edition. Boston MA: Pearson Education Inc. Creswell, J. (2011) Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Creswell, J. (2013) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Denrell, J. and Powell, T., (2016) Dynamic Capability as a Theory of Competitive Advantage, Contributions, and Scope Conditions. Franklin, M. I. (2012) Understanding Research: Coping with the Quantitative-Qualitative Divide. London and New York: Routledge. Gauch, Hugh G., Jr. (2013) The Scientific Method in Practice, Cambridge University Press Guba, E. and Lincoln, Y. (2013) Fourth Generation Evaluation. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications. Herrman, C. S. (2010) Fundamentals of Methodology, a series of papers On the Social Sciences Research Network (SSRN), online. Howell, K. E. (2013) Introduction to the Philosophy of Methodology. London: Sage Publications. Joubish, Farooq Dr. (2009) Educational Research Department of Education, Federal Urdu University, Karachi, Pakistan Lawrence W. Neuman (2011) Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th Edition, University of Wisconsin, Whitewater Nida, E. Alana, Slater, T. and Bucknam, A. (2011) Action Research for Business, Nonprofit, and Public Administration - A Tool for Complex Times. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Patton, M. Q. (2012) Qualitative research evaluation methods (3rd edition). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Silverman, David (Ed). (2011) Qualitative Research: Issues of Theory, Method and Practice, Third Edition. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi, Singapore: Sage Publications Soeters, J.; Shields, P. and Rietjens, S. (2014) Handbook of Research Methods in Military Studies, New York: Routledge. Washington, B. L., Cunningham, C. J. L., and Pittenger, D.P. (2010) Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc.
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