Police Discretion and the Use of Force Essay -- Socia Issues, Discrimi

Discretion is defined as the authority to make a decision between two or more choices (Pollock, 2010). More specifically, it is defined as the capacity to identify and to document criminal and noncriminal events (Boivin & Cordeau, 2011). Every police police incumbent has a great deal of discretion concerning when to use their authority, power, persuasion, or force. Depending on how an officer sees their duty to society will determine an officers discretion. Discretion leads to selective enforcement practices and may result in discrimination against certain groups of people or select individuals (Young, 2011). Most police officer discretion is exercised in situations with individuals (Sherman, 1984). Discrimination can lead to legal enigmas for an officer of the law. If discrimination due to an officers use of discretion results in a violation of due process it is a violation of the law (Young, 2010). Due process is the constitutionally mandated procedural ste p designed to eliminate error in any governmental deprivation of liberty, life, or property (Pollock, 2010). One of the main concerns with using discretion is the possibility of it spark advance to a violation of due process by racial profiling. Types of Negative Police DiscretionRacial profiling occurs when a police officer uses a profile as reasonable suspicion to stop a person with the intent to obtain consent to search their belongings (Pollock, 2010). These stops are ordinarily traffic stops and the officer is looking to obtain consent to search the individuals automobile. The profile used is based on race. In these cases, an officer is using their discretion to target minority groups because they believe they are involved in criminal activities... ...rsation among researchers. The problem I see with the topic of conversation is at that place is not a lot of research done on the actual affects of the individual discretion of each officer compared to a department that has been educated in following policies more than personal discretion. In fact, from what I saw there is not much research on the effects of discretion at all. It seems bid it is a topic that is overlooked when researching the effectiveness of a department. I feel like before more solutions are found on how to correct the problem of discretion, more research needs to be done on how discretion plays a role in every day policing. Until this research is conducted, all the articles publish are on theories of discretion causing problems, and all of the solutions mentioned are methods to correct a problem that has not even been proven to be an issue yet.

Stolen Lives by Malika Oufkir and Michele Fitoussi Essay -- Books Lite

Stolen Lives by Malika Oufkir and Michele FitoussiFor my final paper, I read a check titled Stolen Lives by Malika Oufkir and MicheleFitoussi. This is the true story of Malikas life. This book is divided into two parts the first part is a description of Malikas fairy-tale life. She lived alongside a princess, in a palace, and was wanting for nothing. The second part of the book tells the story of Malika and her familys time spent in pri password and the suffering they went through.Malika Oufkir was born in 1953 in Morocco to a loving mother and father. Her family wasvery close to King Muhammad V and the imperial stag family of Morocco. Her father was appointed the chief aide to the king after playing an spry role in bringing the king back from exile. The king had a young daughter, Lalla Mina, the same age as Malika and wanted them to grow up in concert so he asked that Malika come and live with him.This was not a request her parents could say no to. She was basically taken from he r parents without much explanation to her and brought to live with the royal family. Her mother was allowed to visit her but the visits became less and less frequent. Malika lived inside of the palace where she attended school. She lived a luxurious life, and was treated like a princess herself, but felt like she was a prisoner. The palace was surrounded by walls and her every move was watched so she could not go outside of these walls. The only time she could leave was when the royal family left to vacation at another palace.The king treated Malika very well, as if she were his own daughter. After routine surgery, King Muhammad V died when Malika was seven. King Hassan II, the son of King Muhammad, took over the throne. Malika?s mother thoug... ...e survived all this time in the conditions they had to endure. But I don?t think they could have survived if it weren?t for the stick up they showed for one another. This is an amazing story of the human spirit and of a bond that held this family together. I would recommend this book to any person that likes human-interest stories. I think we admit to be aware that this still does go on in well-nigh parts of the world. I enjoy learning about history and this story provided some historical information. I realize how far we have come in this country with women?s rights and how primitive some societies still treat women. Also, it served as a reminder to me that different parts of the world have very diverse beliefs and how lucky we are to live in this country.Works CitedOufkir, Malika, and Michele Fitoussi. Stolen Lives.New YorkEditions Grasset & Fasquelle. 1999

The Greenwich Association for Retarded Citizens of Greenwich High :: essays research papers

The Greenwich Association for Retarded Citizens (G.A.R.C.) of Greenwich HighThe Greenwich Association for Retarded Citizens (G.A.R.C.) of GreenwichHigh is a conferenceing of students inte naped in interacting with disabled students.These students go to the highschool school as fountainhead, and look forward to getting toknow us. Each of the students bear different disabilities but they each generatethe desire to make friends. This group is totally volunteer basis for all ofits members, no one has to attend. I have been a member of this group for thethree years I have attended in Greenwich High. Spending a lot of time withthese children I have learned to understand that they are just looking to makefriends.I joined this group as a freshman because I had worked with childrenwith Down Syndrome during the eighth grade at Central Middle School. Myinterest carried on by dint of out the years because of the numerous fun times Ihave had, and have made friends with many of the girls. T hey are all verypersonable and benignant to talk with. They each have special characteristicsdefining them from the others, making each of them special in different ways,just like the rest us.Aside from the meetings that we have every so often to discussactivities we can do, we usually do fun and interesting activities. We go outfor pizza frequently because it seems to be the group consensus on what we wouldall like to eat. During the holidays we celebrate in interesting ways onHalloween we have a party where every one gets dressed and brings candy. Forthe Christmas time we are going to celebrate with a party at a members houseand listen to Christmas carols, and have dinner. We have had bake sales andhave interchange candy in order to raise money for the clubs activities. These areusually a success because every one participates and we all seem to functionwell as a group. When there are dances or football games at school we each takeone of the girls and its good for them because they get to interact with therest of the school at a big function.This club is not only fun, but its like going to a meeting with some ofyour friends. We are a small group and we all get along. Since we are a smallgroup it is also thorny for us to do a lot of things. It is difficult toeducate the larger part of the public who doesnt know what these kids are like.

Chaucer on the Web :: Geoffrey Chaucer Internet Essays

Chaucer on the Web It has been only a few years since the Internet has become available to most of us. Since then, it has played an astound role, and it changes our lives every day. We use the Internet to communicate with friends, to check news, and to find information. The Web contains a great amount of data about everything, and Geoffrey Chaucer is one popular subject. in that location are hundreds of sites dedicated to this great poet who was born in London between 1340 and 1345. The Harvard site describes his very busy official life He held positions as an esquire of the imperial court, as the controller of the customs for the port of the royal court, as the controller of the customs for the port of London, as a participant in important diplomatical missions, and in a variety of other official duties. Chaucer was an important diplomat, yet he also became known as a great poet and The Canterbury Tales made him famous. in that location are many s ites about this author, of which three caught my interest. Each site has a different layout, format and information. Joseph P. Thomas defines Chaucers life at http//www.newadvent.org John Chaucer, Geoffreys father, was a vintner and his mother Agnes was a heiress. John was connected with the Court, and once saw Flanders in the royal trim. Geoffrey was well educated, but whether he entered at each university remains unknown. Chaucer married above his class to Philippa Roet who was a daughter of Sir Paon or Payne de Roioet Guienne, the knight at arms. They had three children, and their marriage was unhappy. Thomas inserted a lot of little information about Chaucers work, although his site is unattractive. The text is plain without any pictures, frames, or interactive sites. This web site is not easy to read and is unappealing, although it is a very useful tool in a search for details about Chaucers life and his time. The Luminarium organization at http//www.

The Life of Mary Shelley Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Life of bloody shame Shelley Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley was born in 1791 in London. She is the little girl of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Goodwin. Wollstonecraft was a radical feminist writer, and Goodwin was a writer as well as a philosopher. It was said that this couples combined intellect was dangerous to lodge however, days after Marys birth, Wollstonecraft died due to complications from the pregnancy. Mary spent a lot of time visiting her mothers grave when she was growing up. Her father taught her how to spell her mothers name by having her trace the letters on the headstone with her fingers, an interesting yet morbid way to teach a seven year old how to spell. Goodwin raised Mary by himself for the early part of her life. When Mary was four, he married Mary Jane Clairmont, who also had children from a previous marriage. Mary never fully accepted the stepfamily she eternally felt like an outsider. Many of her feelings of loneliness and longing to know her m other are issues that are prevalent in the novel Frankenstein. These issues are analogous to the look for that the monster had for his creator.During Marys teenage years, Goodwin owned a publishing company, so the Goodwin residehold was filled with famous authors and intellectuals. Coleridge was known to visit the house often. On one causality he read the recently completed The Rime Of the Ancient Mariner in their living room, while Mary stayed up past her bedtime to listen. Percy Bysshe Shelley also came to the house on a regular basis to seek knowledge from Goodwin, who was one of his mentors. Mary grew fond of him, and they began their courtship when she was only fifteen and he was twenty. When Mary was xvi she ran off to Europe with Percy, a... ... it has on the horror/science fiction writers today. Works Cited and Consulted1. Caprio, Terry. ( Accessed 23 Oct 00) http//loki.stockton.edu/stk13818/mary.htm2. Frankenstein The Modern Prometheus Home. U.S. National li brary of Medicine. (Last Mod 28 Jan 00) ( Accessed 12 Oct 00) http//www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/frankenstein/frank_birth.html3. Hamberg, Cynthia. My obscene Progeny Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. ( Last Mod/1999/2000(c)). Yahoo. ( Accessed 15 Oct 00).http//srd.yahoo.com/drst/27147033/*http//home-1.worldonline.nl/hamberg/4. Mary Shelley and Frankenstein. ( Last Mod 11 Jan 00). (Accessed 10 Oct 00). http//www.desert-fairy.com/life.shtml5. Peanutpress.com Mary Shelley. Peanutpress.com A Division of Net Library (Accessed 5 Oct 00). http//www.peanutpress.com/author.cgi/1567/05951560-58839-8414692824

The Life of Mary Shelley Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Life of bloody shame Shelley Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley was born in 1791 in London. She is the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Goodwin. Wollstonecraft was a radical feminist writer, and Goodwin was a writer as well as a philosopher. It was said that this couples combined intellect was dangerous to society however, days after(prenominal) Marys birth, Wollstonecraft died due to complications from the pregnancy. Mary spent a lot of time visiting her mothers grave when she was growing up. Her father taught her how to spell her mothers name by having her trace the earn on the headstone with her fingers, an interesting yet morbid way to teach a seven year old how to spell. Goodwin raised Mary by himself for the beforehand(predicate) part of her life. When Mary was four, he married Mary Jane Clairmont, who also had children from a previous marriage. Mary never fully accepted the stepfamily she always felt equal an outsider. Many of her feelings of loneliness an d longing to know her mother are issues that are prevalent in the novel Frankenstein. These issues are analogous to the search that the monster had for his creator.During Marys teen years, Goodwin owned a publishing company, so the Goodwin household was filled with famous authors and intellectuals. Coleridge was known to visit the house often. On one occasion he glance over the recently completed The Rime Of the Ancient Mariner in their living room, while Mary stayed up past her bedtime to listen. Percy Bysshe Shelley also came to the house on a regular basis to seek knowledge from Goodwin, who was one of his mentors. Mary grew fond of him, and they began their courtship when she was only fifteen and he was twenty. When Mary was sixteen she ran off to europium with Percy, a... ... it has on the horror/science fiction writers today. Works Cited and Consulted1. Caprio, Terry. ( Accessed 23 Oct 00) http//loki.stockton.edu/stk13818/mary.htm2. Frankenstein The Modern Prometh eus Home. U.S. National Library of Medicine. (Last Mod 28 Jan 00) ( Accessed 12 Oct 00) http//www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/frankenstein/frank_birth.html3. Hamberg, Cynthia. My Hideous Progeny Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. ( Last Mod/1999/2000(c)). Yahoo. ( Accessed 15 Oct 00).http//srd.yahoo.com/drst/27147033/*http//home-1.worldonline.nl/hamberg/4. Mary Shelley and Frankenstein. ( Last Mod 11 Jan 00). (Accessed 10 Oct 00). http//www.desert-fairy.com/life.shtml5. Peanutpress.com Mary Shelley. Peanutpress.com A Division of Net Library (Accessed 5 Oct 00). http//www.peanutpress.com/author.cgi/1567/05951560-58839-8414692824

American Government Essay

IntroductionThere ar different ways to which issues in the society terminate be expressed in coitus to emotions, thoughts and artistry. In various eras, movies have been used to tackle issues on religions, philosophies, and even the thoughts and emotions of the writers and directors during the time it is being filmed. For example, the movies entitled Blue Collar, Norma Rae and Roger and Me are movies wherein the problems on employment in any societies have been tackled accordingly.During the time of the creation of the movies, there have been apparent issues with employment that needs to be addressed by the government. Apparently, the theme of conservatism and the salute to destroy it is was the main theme of the three movies mentioned. The motivational principle that has been applied in the course of generating an lowstanding of the concept of conservatism as highlighted in the movies is sovereignty. It is genuinely elementary to say that in the democratic and liberal forms of government, the sovereign power resides in the lot. Under this concept, it can non be denied that men are only equal in front the law and of perfection. Aside from it, there is no equality. By this, it only means that men are protected only as far as laws and God is concerned.BodyNoting this kind of principle is the apparent absence of equality in terms of the complaisant, political and even economical aspects of human being. In terms of the amicable aspect, it can be seen that men are distinct from women. There is a status quo that should be adhered upon especi every(prenominal)y when treating men and women. They are not equal under the social order of the society. Men are considered higher in terms of intelligence, capabilities and social status. As per women, they are made to be inside their houses and taking dish out of the children and of their husbands. It is as if saying that women and men played totally different roles in the society. One is for the house while the o ther is for the working. Such difference in the social standing of men and women is apparent and to remind people of the principle that aside from law and God, no equality can be measured outside such borders. Women cannot and must not force the society to accept and treat them in the alike manner that men are being treated because it allow for neer be in that way under the conservative theory of governance (Garcia, 2008).The basic foundation of governance that has been tackled in the movies is comprised of the idealism that a just and compassionate society must be formed. It must be understood that the State should promote a just and dynamic social order. This is accomplished through policies that succeed adequate social services. Every society must ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty. Hence, it means all people not just the aristocratic few.The goal is to reduce the political and economic power of the privileged few by equali zing widely differing standards and opportunities for advancement and to raise the potbellyes of the people from their poverty to a qualitative life worthy of human dignity. With the eradication of mass poverty being experienced of a nation, the State solves at the same time a chain of social problems that comes with it social unrest, breakdown of family systems, diseases, ignorance, criminality, and low productivity. Policies must only be defecated to promote social justice in all phases of national development. In the fulfillment of this duty, the State must give preferential attention to the welfare of the little fortunate members of the communitythe unforesightful, the underprivileged and those who have less in life for the benefit of the whole nation.On the issue of economic equality, on the other hand, the movies have made it clear that there are economic differences between the poor and the moneyed. No equality are being afforded to them. The rich people are getting more privileges in the society as compared to the poor. The poor can never get such privileges because it is just for the rich to experience and enjoy. Since there is no equality, the poor gets poorer with each passing day while the rich gets richer by the hour. There is a distinct role that separates the rich and the poor. While the rich pose as the employers, the poor works as slaves to earn a living. There is equality and hence, no growth and improvement is being afforded to the latter (Funnel, 2009).ConclusionUndeniably, there is an inherent advantage in adopting a development scheme that promotes industrialization and full employment without giving more importance on gender issues. An important aspect of industrializations is that it generates a high level of employment. Factories and industrial sites create job opportunities and thus create sources of livelihood for the people. The high incidence of poverty in the country is rooted in the social scourge that is unemployment. The nation will never recover economically, and social peace and political stability will never come to our land as long as the problem of mass poverty persists.The first step towards the solution of the problem is therefore, the creation of massive work opportunities that will absorb millions of unemployed and underemployed labor in the country, and this can only be done through full and rapid industrialization. But nevertheless, despite the different trajectories that has impacted the lives of the nation and the people inhabiting the place. Ironically, it can be tell that whatever the advocates of conservatism have fought for in their lifetimes it has all been gone because of the fact that changes have constantly brought liberalism to the nation. It is one that completely rejects advice or assistance from without. To be realistic, a policy must have global outlook in view of the deleterious effect on the countrys relations with other countries with policies that rove only on the rel ations with select members of the international community.BibliographyFunnel, W. (2009). In Government We Trust Market failure and the Delusions of Privatization. Sydney University of New South Wales Press.Garcia, J. (2008). Up to our Eyeballs How Shady Lenders and Failed Econoimc Policies are Drowning Americans in Debt. New York The New Press.

Poem Analysis: Boy with His Hair Cut Short

How do you see the domain around you? As a beautiful paradise, or a grim failure? In Boy with His pig Cut Short, we are given a glimpse into the life of a boy expecting unsuccessfully for a lineage during the Great Depression. While the boy remains doubtful that hell find a Job, his sister provides him with an rosy viewpoint in hopes of giving him a glimmer of hope. In Furniture Art, we are introduced too girl who Is Interviewing her neighbor, Mr.. DuPont, for a project about deferent worldviews. Mr..DuPont shows her that the world truly Is a handsome place, we simply need to open our eyes to see It that way. Though the sister and Mr.. DuPont both have a similar worldview, Mr.. DuPonts worldview Is more realistic. In Boy with His pilus Cut Short, the boy comes home after yet another unsuccessful day of Job-seeking. Even though hes crestfallen, his sister offers to assist him by berth his hair shorter. While she cuts his hair, she continues to encourage him by telling him that they cant keep turning you down the finest gentlemans not so skin as you (18-19).But then we learn that this optimistic and hopeful demeanor is simply a facade, and that she feels just as hopeless as she does, when we read confrontation/ her earnest, hopeless look (22-23). Upon reading this, we discover that she tries to look at a doubtful situation with a happy-go-lucky, unrealistic attitude. In Furniture Art, the narrator is working on a Socials project, in which she must(prenominal) interview a neighbor about their view of the world, and contrast it with her own.While interviewing him, she learns that English 10 Training Papers 2006/2007 Page 22 our supposedly good planet may not be so great, unless we look at it in a different way. Mr.. DuPont goes on to explain that Just because we have the money to cloud stuff doesnt mean that well be happy, and that there is more to life Han materialistic purchases. The narrator learns throughout Mr.. DuPonts interview that the world is beautiful if you can see it that way, save no less or more than it already was. 53) In the end, even though she got a C+ on her project, the narrator finds that her new view of the world is invaluable. The worldview expressed in this story is more realistic because it addresses the major problem of our society, greed, and shows us to appreciate the worlds natural beauty instead. Poem Analysis Boy with His Hair Cut Short By mariachi Boy with His Hair Cut Short, we are given a glimpse into the life off boy feel fitful that hell find a Job, his sister provides him with an optimistic viewpoint in who is interviewing her neighbor, Mr..DuPont, for a project about different worldviews. Mr.. DuPont shows her that the world truly is a exquisite place, we simply need to open our eyes to see it that way. Though the sister and Mr.. DuPont both have a similar worldview, Mr.. DuPonts worldview is more realistic. Gentlemans not so trim as you (18-19). But then we learn that this optimistic an d hopeful demeanor is simply a facade, and that she feels Just as hopeless as she does, when we read meeting/ her earnest, hopeless look (22-23). Upon reading this,

Hr Practice in Ready Made Garments Industry

Term Paper HR Practice In Ready Made Garwork forcets constancy ( opinion App bels Ltd. & millennium Garments Ltd. ) TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 5 Introduction 6 Methodology6 Scope & Limitation 8 Formal Report (Comp twain A) 9 slightly The political party9 Size & Activities of HR Department 9 Their Overall HR Practice11 Recruitment 11 Selection 14 development & reading 15 Compensation Policies & Practices17 execution of instrument appraisal21 Formal Report (troupe B)22 About The Company22 Their Overall HR Practice22 Size & Activities of HR Department 23 Recruitment 24 Selection 24 Training & Development 24Compensation Policies & Practices25 Per sortance idea26 Findings27 Recommendation 29 Conclusion 29 Appendix 30 Executive Summary In this term paper we move to focus of the HR practice of RMG sector in Bangladesh. We conducted survey in two garments (Panorama cloaks Ltd. & millenary Garments Ltd. )& we time- tribulationed to find out their all overall practice. In this study report, we throw off tried to allow all the factors we thought essential for previously mentioned title. We run through analyzed the factors based on managerial theories & managerial key functions with the proposed options. e also tried to find out there is any problem with our elfin HR k presentlyledge we learned from this course. Introduction to the Report This report is get tod as a requirement of the course Human Re spring caution We selected millenary GARMENTS LTD & PANORAMA APPARELS LTD. diddleing on these governings we came to know various Kind of HRM practice which argon phthisis here. In this report we prevail followed the guidelines provided by the teacher. Here we have tasked non only the HRM practice only also the grocerying, focal point, finance and operational area of the Company.The encompassing objective of this report is to provide an overview of HRM practice in Garments Sector of Bangladesh. The specific objectives of this report are To p rovide Company overview To provide market overview and analysis To give out operational, management and HRM planning. Discuss all HRM practice Methodology We conducted a sample survey with a questionnaire (see appendix) . We provided our copies of questionnaire among the random samples employees & workers & collected after they had filled it up with their comments.To construct this report we have collected data from diametric published materials. Then we have conducted a secondary study. After that we have prepared a questionnaire and took question one of the executive serving in this Company. We also collect data from internet. This way we collected first data. Thus we have used both primary and secondary report to prepare this report. With our survey & interview results we found just about key points that are discussed in the next section. Scope & limitation Actually we have collected information by primary and secondary data.During hive away information we have faced some problems. When we went at garments, we had to wait many times for collecting information. And we search internet, internet speed is very low. An different point is that lab computer does not work properly. We have analyzed the factors based on managerial theories & managerial key functions with the proposed options & the events though few things might be omitted due to our limited knowledge & access of information. We are always prepared to provide any kind of information or documents to you on your demand.Formal Report Company A (MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. ) a) About the society Millennium Garments Limited was established with a ken to shape up a premium garments house to rival the finest in South East Asia. The Company was established in September of 1998 by purchasing and taking over an existing garments companionship which had been running since 1992. Millennium Garments Limited specializes in the manufacture of high quality mens shirts. The bon tons brand new machinery inclu de highly specialized equipment needed in the productive of high quality shirts.Millennium Garments also takes orders for padded quilted shirts ladies dress, pajama sets and robes. The company certainly exports its garments to its customers in Canada, Germany, Belgium and Netherlands. Factory return is hundred% export orientated ready-made garments from woven fabrics, payoffCapacity 150,000 pieces/month. 1223 employees are working(a) in this organization the company is located in Delwar Complex (5th to 9th Floor) 26, Shahid Nazrul Islam Avenue, capital of Bangladesh 1203, Bangladesh. b) Size & activities of HR Department Human resource planning MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. as a personal and administrative Department. MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. is one of the biggest employers in Bangladesh. The supply number of employers in Bangladesh. The total number of employees is 1,223. For the employees there is overbearing in house discipline in home and abroad. To motivate the employees, al ong with salary and benefits the company provides various facilities like free meals , free transportation , 24 hour medical center , on range sports . A exertion and accommodation facility includes full time supply of safe drinking water, adequate lighting and ventilation facilities from sheet.The entire management mold comprises the following social units Executive instruction The Managing Director, the chief operating officer is the head of the Executive counselling Team which comprises senior members of the Management Apparatus. Within the limits of delegated authority and responsibility by the Board of Directors, Executive Management ope roves through further delegation of authority at every echelon of the line management. The executive Management operates within the framework of insurance & Planning strategies set by the Top Management with periodic carrying out reporting for guidance.The Executive Management is responsible for preparation of segment plans / fill in segment plans for every profit centers with budgetary targets for every items of goods & function and are held accountable for deficiencies, with appreciation for outstanding and exceptional accomplishances. These operations are continuously carried out by the Executive Management through series of delegations, sub perpetrations, Committees & standing Committees assisting the line management. Standing Committee Standing Committee comprises the following committee Audit Committee Internal Audit Committee ISO Audit Committee kind / Environment Committee mathematical operation Evaluation Audit Committee Employment Relations Committee Remuneration Committee become Environment Committee Performance Evaluation Audit Committee Management Committee Product Planning & Development Committee Quality Control & Research Committee Production & Inventory Management Committee Export Promotion Committee c) Their Overall HR Practice HR Practices of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. Recruitment Trainin g Performance Management Labor relation Employee relation Job analysis Job designSelection Development motivators Benefits d) Recruitment Recruitment is the process trough which the organization seeks applicants for potential employment. Selection refers to the process by which it attempts to identify applicants with the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics that will help the company achieve its goals, companies engaging in different strategies need different types and numbers of employees. The outline a company is pursuing will have a direct impact on the types of employees that it seeks to recruit and selection.Source of enlisting There are two kinds of source Millennium Garments Ltd. uses for recruitment . They are 1. impertinent source 2. Internal source. We try to discuss all relative sources which are used for recruitment in Millennium Garments Ltd. Internal source Millennium Garments Ltd. thinks that current employees are a major source of recru its for all tho entry-level positions. Whether for advancements or for Lateral barter transfers, internal candidates already know the informal organization and have detailed information about its formal policies and procedures.Promotions and transfer are typically decided by operating managers with little involvement by HR incision. Job-posting programs HR departments become involved when internal task go-aheads are publicized to employees through job positioning programs, which informs employees about opening and required qualifications and invite qualify employees to apply. The notices usually are posted on company bulletin boards or are placed in the company newspaper. fashioning and other facts typically are drawn from the job analysis information. Departing Employees An often overlooked source of recruiters consists of departing employees.Many employees leave because they can no longer work the traditional 40 hours work week . School, child care needs and other commitmen ts are the common reason. Some might gladly stay if they could rearrange their hours of work or their responsibilities . Instead, they quit when a transfer to a part-time job may retain their valuable skill and training. Even if part-time work is not a solution, a temporary leave of absence may satisfy the employee and some future recruiting need of the employer. External source When job opening cannot be filled internally, the HR department of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. ust look outside the organization for applicants. We discuss all the external source of recruitment at bellow Walk-ins and Write-ins Walk-ins are some seekers who arrived at the HR department of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. in search of a job Write-ins are those who send a written enquire . both groups normally are ask to complete and application blank to determine their interest and abilities. Usable application is kept in an active file until a suitable opening occurs or until an application is too old to be considered valid, usually six months.Employee referrals Employees may refer job seekers to the HR department . Employee referrals have several advantages . Employees with hard to find job skill may no others who do the same work. Employees referrals are excellent and sanctioned recruitment technique, but they tend to maintain the status quo of the work force in term of raise, religions, sex and other characteristics, possibly leading to charges of discrimination. Advertising Want ads describe the job and the benefits, identify the employer, and tell those who are interested how to apply .They are most familiar form of employment advertising . for highly specialist requites, ads may be placed in professional journal or out of town newspaper in areas with high concentration of the desired skills. theoretical account General film director- production (ref PM) -Age 28-35 years Graduate with specialization in garment mfg technology from NIFT or equiv. -Minimum 10 years experience in similar posi tion of a unit with a minimum of 1000machines. -Must have detailed hands on knowledge of industrial engineering. We offer competitive salary which is commensurate with experience and qualification.If you aspire to an exiting and reward career, send your detailed resume, quoting your present and expected salaries to jobs. Internet Now today no body thinks anything without internet. So MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. give their advertisement at internet. Examplewww. bdjobs. com , www. millennia-bd. com e) Selection The HR department informed us that their tests of selection are valid by for their own garments. They usually test cognitive abilities for higher officials & test of motor abilities for workers . They also work simulations. After successful reference checks the HR Department selects employees. ) Training & Development Training is a process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It is application of knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules procedures to guide t heir behavior. It attempts to improve their performance on the current job or prepare them for an intended job. Development is a related process. It covers not only those activities which improve job performance but also those which puzzle growth of the personality help individuals to the progress towards maturity and realization of their potential capacities so that they become not only good employees but better men and women.In organizational terms, it is intended to equip person to earn promotion and hold grater responsibility. There are many types of method practices in MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. we discuss that method at bellow On the job training On the job training is a training that shows the employee how to perform the job and allows him or her to do it under the trainers supervision On the job training is normally given by a senior employee or a manager like senior merchandiser or a manager. The employee is shown how to perform the job and allowed to do it under the train ers supervision. Job rotationJob rotation is a training that requires an individual to learn several different some in a work unit or department and performer each job for a specified time period. In job rotation, individuals learn several different job within a work unit or department. One main advantages of job rotation is that it puffs flexibilities possible in the department. When one employee like secondary merchandiser absence another merchandiser can easily perform the job. Apprenticeship training Apprentices hip training provides beginning worker with comprehensive training in the practical and theoretical expect of work required in a highly skilled occupation.Apprenticeship program combined of the job and classroom training to prepare worker for more than eight hundred occupation ofttimes(prenominal) as computer operator, sewing technician. Length of selected apprenticeship courses of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. Occupation length (months) 1. Quality avow manager 13 2. Qu ality take for officer 15 3. Cutting Astt. Manager 7 4. Packing Astt. Manager 7 5. Ware house Astt. Manager 5 6. Production officer 3 7.Sewing technician 5 8. Sewing Supervisor 5 Classroom training Classroom training is conducted off the job and plausibly the most familiar training method . It is an effective means of imparting information quickly to large groups with limited or no knowledge of capable being presented. It is useful for teaching factual material, concepts principle other theories . portion of orientation programs, some expects of apprenticeship training and safety programs are usually presented utilizing some form of classroom instruction.More frequently however, classroom instruction is used for technical, professional and managerial employee Development of the human resources The long term development of human resources as unequivocal from training for a specific job is of growing concern to HR departments of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. Through the development of current employees the department reduces the companys dependents on haring new workers . if employees are developed properly the job openings found throw HR planning are more likely to be filled internally promotions and transfers also show employees that they have a career not just a job.The employee benefits from increased continuity in operations and from employees who fail a great commitment. HR department is also an effective way to meets several challenges including employee obsolescence, international and domestic diversity, technical challenges. Affirmative action and employee turn over. By meeting these challenges the department can, maintain an effective workforce. g) Compensation policies & practices Incentives Compensation fluctuates according to A pre-established formula Individual or group goals because group goals are different from individual goals Company earningsIncentives adds to base pay It controls costs because the employee is being paid for his/her extra effort and for the benefits brought to the organization. & Motivates employees Incentive Pay Categories Individual , Group, Company-wide Individual incentive plans Quantity of work siding (How many units produced) Quality of work output (What was the quality of the product or service being produced or served) Monthly sales (How much sales was generated) Work safety record (How many hazard or errors are being reduced. Workattendance (If the absent is reduced or attendance is good) Group Incentive Plans Rewards employees for their collective performance Group incentive use has increased in industry 2 types Team basedor small group acquit sharing Company-Wide Incentive Plans Rewards employees when company meets performance standards 2Types Profit sharing plans Employee stock option plans Legally required benefits of MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. Social Security Social security benefits include the general benefits like unemployment insurance & benefits, old age insurance, and Medicar e facilities. Workers Compensation Workers hire includes the compensation when an employee becomes injured or disable due to extreme working conditions or while working at the job site. Family & Medical Leave Family leave includes the compensation continuation during the family leave such as maternity or paternity leave and other family leave. Old age, Survivor, Disability Insurance requirements for getting compensation Earn 40 quarters of credit, or Be employed for 10 years Be age 62 for partial benefits Be age 65 for full benefits Now the age has been lengthened to age 67 because more and more workers are retiring late. Widow aged 60 + Medicare Depends on the countrys policy, Medicare facilities are generally regimen services to citizens. Organizations add some value to Medicare facilities. In some countries Medicare is financed together by employees tax, employers and the government. Provided insurance coverage for Hospitalization Covers inpatient & outpatient hospital care & services. study Doctor bills Charges of visiting a doctor or specialist. Prescription drug costs. Provides unlimited in-home care in certain situations. Workers Compensation Workers compensation is a lawfully required benefit is included in the compulsory disability laws of many countries. Mostly, employer is seen liable regardless of the fault. Workers compensation claims Injury Occupational disease Death Workers compensation benefits Medical services Disability income Death benefits Discretionary Benefits Discretionary benefits are judgment based benefits that the organization provides to its employees. These benefits are not legally required benefits but enhances organizational culture and corporate image. Benefits include breastplate programs Pay for time not worked Other services Pay for time not worked HolidaysVacationsFuneral leave uniting leaveSick leaveStress leave Blood donation or welfare workPersonal leave h) Performance Management Performance judgement is the pro cess of assessing employees past performance, primarily for reward, promotion and staff development purposes. Performance appraisal (is) a process that identifies, evaluates and develops employee performance to meet employee and organizational goals. Performance Appraisal doesnt necessarily use to blame or to provide a disciplinary action.Previous management theories used to view performance appraisal as a stick that management has introduced to beat people. Performance appraisals are now more clarified and they concentrate on developing organizational strengths and employee performance. mathematical function of Performance Appraisal in MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. To review past performance To assess training needs To help develop individuals To audit the skills within an organization To set targets for future performance To identify potential for promotion To provide legal & formal justification for employment decision To diagnose the hidden problems of an organizationPerformance App raisal Process Who Appraises Supervisors Subordinates PeersClients/customers Self appraisal Approaches to measuring performance in MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. There are various kind of method for measuring performance appraisal. simply we get information that MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. uses only three type of performance method. These are at below 1. 360- degree feedback 2. Experience based. We describe those at below 1. 360-degree feedback One currently popular methods of performance appraisal is called 360-degree feedback.With this method managers peers, suppliers or colleagues are ask to complete questionnaire. The questionnaire is generally lengthy. 2. Experience based MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. measures the performance of employee by experience. For example MR. X has been working in MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. for three years and MR. Y has been working in MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. for two years. So MILLENNIUM GARMENTS LTD. favor MR. X for his more experience. Company B (Panorama Apparel s Limited) a) About the company Panorama Apparels Limited was established to build up a profit and export.The Company was established in 1991 by purchasing and taking over an existing garments company. Panorama Garments Limited specializes in the manufacture of high quality mens shirts. The companys brand new machinery includes highly specialized equipment needed in the production of high quality shirts. The company currently exports its garments to its customers in USA and Europe. The garments Product are export orientated as well as local market base ready-made garments from woven fabrics, ProductionCapacity 280000 pieces/month. 550 employees are working in this organization he company is located in Gazipur. ) Their Overall HR Practice Their overall HR practice started in 1995, before that they didnt have any separate HR department. HR manager control the garments to do better in future. HR manager takes final decision regarding employee recruiting, screening, training, honour an d appraising. On the basis of our report we can say that their hr practice is very much effective. Recruitment & Selection The HR department uses their own tests for recruitment & Selection. Training they have training centre for the new employees. If any employees join in this company they need some basic training.Performance Management when any employees perform well then they get some rewards from company. It is manage by HR manager. Employee relation in this companys employees and superior have good race with each other. Employees also respect their superior. Employees have also good relationship with their same level. Job analysis the HR manager doing job analysis by employees performance and he also gives some duties to employees. Job design The HR manager also design job structure which is most appropriate for the company to achieve the companys goal. Incentives they provide some incentives for employees. ) Size & activities of HR Department Management The entire management process comprises the following units Executive Management The executive management is special employment agencies retained by employers to seek out top management talent for their clients. Within the limits of delegated authority and responsibility by the Board of Directors, Executive Management operates through further delegation of authority at every echelon of the line management. The executive Management operates within the framework of Policy & Planning strategies set by the Top Management with periodic performance reporting for guidance.Management Committee In this garments management committee is very much witting about Product Planning, quality control, production inventory and export promotion. The garments try to improve their product quality and innovate new products and services what they did before now they are improving very much day by day. Management committee plays very helpful role to reach theirgoal. picpicpicPanorama Apparels ltd. Human resource management Human resource management Mr. Abdul Ohab is the human resource manager of this garment.The policies and practices involved in carrying out the people or human resource aspect of a management position, including recruiting, screening, training, rewarding and appraising Human resource planning Panorama Appeals Ltd. has a personnel management and administrative Department. The total number of employees is 550. For the employees there is systematic in house training in home and abroad. To motivate the employees company provides various facilities like free meals, free transportation, picnic, yearly entertainment facilities, on site sports . nd also salary pay within 5th 8th day of each month. d) Recruitment They recruit employees by taking interview. They follow some sources to recruit employees which are i) Internal source ii) External source e) Selection the board of directors selects the employees by taking interview. The board of director collects the information from the HR manager. f ) Training & Development The company arranges some training and development programs in every year. It is application of knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules procedures to guide their behavior.It attempts to improve their performance on the current job or prepare them for an intended job. Development is a related process. It covers not only those activities which improve job performance but also those which bring growth of the personality help individuals to the progress towards maturity and actualization of their potential capacities so that they become not only good employees but better men and women. Method of training and development program a) On the job training b) Job rotation c) Apprenticeship training d) Classroom training g) Compensation policies & practicesEmployee benefits & services were at once known as fringe benefits and these benefits were primarily the in-kind payments employees receive in addition to payments in the form of money. In addition to pa ying employees fairly and adequately for their contributions in the performance of their jobs, organizations assume a social obligation for the welfare of employees and their dependents Employees benefits are usually inherent components of the non-compensation system are made available to employees that provide Protection in case of health & accident Income upon retirement & termination These benefits are components that contribute to the welfare of the employee by filling some kind of demand. Incentives Incentives is very much helpful for motivating employees. Incentives add to base pay. It controls costs because the employee is being paid for his/her extra effort and for the benefits brought to the organization. Incentive Pay Categories -Individual -Group -Company-wide h) Performance Appraisal Performance Appraisal means evaluating an employees current and/or past performance relative to his or her performance standards.Performance appraisals are now more clarified and they concen trate on developing organizational strengths and employee performance. Purpose of Performance Appraisal in Panorama apparels LTD To set targets for future performance To identify potential for promotion To provide legal & formal justification for employment decision To diagnose the hidden problems of an organization Performance Appraisal Process They conduct the performance appraisal interview twice a year. Who Appraises Supervisors Subordinates PeersClients/customers Approaches to measuring performance in Panorama apparels LTD.There are various kind of method for measuring performance appraisal. But we get information that Panorama apparels LTD. uses only two type of performance method. These are at below 1. 360- degree feedback 2. Experience based. Findings We conducted simple random sampling both in Millennium Garments & Panorama Apparels. We also used direct observation method to collect the data. After that we used statistical analysis. We found that 80% employees of Millenniu m are satisfied, 10 % not satisfied & 5 % refused to say any comment pic Fig1. 1 Satisfaction Level of Millennium Garments WorkersAnd in case of Panorama Apparels we found that 70% of the employees are very satisfied with the current compensation policy& other facilities, 10% said that they are not satisfied & 20% said refused to make any comment. pic Fig1. 2 Satisfaction Level of Millennium Garments Workers pic Fig1. 3. Turnover rate of Millennium & Panorama With the last five years data we founf that turnover rate is higher in Panorama Apparel that of Millennium Garmnts. Panorama Apparels use 75% of internal source (e. g. employee referrals) & 25 % from External source (e. g. Advertising, Internet and so on ) for job recruitment. pic Fig1. 4 Recruitment source of Panorama Apparels Ltd. On the Other hand Millennium Garments use 40% of internal source & 60% from External source for job recruitment. pic Fig1. 5 Recruitment source of Millennium garments Ltd. Recommendation From the a nalysis with the organization structure of Millennium Garments Ltd. we have seen that span of super vision is too large. A number of departments report directly to the general manager. If the number were less the efficiency and productivity of the organization might be increased. Quality control department should remain prompt always.So that it can maintain a certain level of standard as per the market demand to capture the foreign market share it should strive more. Turn Over rate in very high in Panorama 25%, also employees talked openly about their dissatisfaction which indicates that they have to redesign about incentive policies. Conclusion Bangladesh is a hotbed of garments manufacturing, now rankingfourth in the list of garments exporting nations. Unfortunately, the country, as a whole, has been unable to check up on into the arena of high fashion as most of its exports cater to the lower end of the clothing hierarchy.The flourishment of any industry requires combined effort s and co-operation from several parties. Social, political and macro instruction economic environment play pivotal role in this regard. Through successful HR management practice in this respective sector, many grasp issue problems can be solvedIf it can up hold its much toward advancement, it will be able to set a role sticker in our country. Appendix Reference 1. Innovative human resource management practice makes ASA global microfinance leader http//www. theindependent-bd. com/hotnews. php? nid=5170 2. http//www. traveldocs. com/bd/economy. htm . Apparels Bulletin, link- http//www. apparel. com. bd/2008/09/pay-salary-arrears-and-eid-bonus-timely/ 4. Afsar, R. , 1998. Poverty, Work, Health and Sexual Behaviour of Women and Men in Garment Factories in Dhaka, Bangladesh, ACTIONAID, Bangladesh. 5. Ahmad, I. , 1996. Basic Labour Laws of Bangladesh, 2nd edition, Ferdous lqbal, Dhaka. 6. Arifin,J. (ed. ), 1994. Readings on Women and Development in Malaysia, Population Studies Unit, Ku ala Lumpur. 7. BGMEA, 1998a. BGMEA meets garment sector trade union leaders regularly,BGMEA Newsletter, 9(1)9. 8. Bhattacharya, D. and Rahrnan, M. , 2000.Bangladesh Apparel Sector growth trends and the post-MFA challenges, Paper presented at the National Seminar on Garment Industry in Bangladesh Economic and Social Dimensions, Dhaka, 21-22 January. 9. Nuruzzaman, A. K. A. M. , 1999. Human Rights and Garments Industry, Programme for Research on Poverty Alleviation, Grameen Trust, Dhaka. 10. Paul-Majumder, P. , 1998. Health Status of the Garment Workers in Bangladesh findings from a survey of employers and employees, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, Dhaka. Questionnaire NameEmployee Status DesignationWorking Hours 1. How long you are working in this company?More than 5years More than 2 years 2. How much time you spend here i. e. working hours? 6 Hrs 8 Hrs other 3. Are you satisfies with current facilities & incentives? Yes No No Comment 4. Does your company conduct fire dr ill every year? Yes No 5. Is your employment on durable basis or contractual basis? Permanent Contractual 6. Did you face any kind of problem that you couldnt tell to the management? Yes No If yes spell out down mention the problem below

It’s More Fun in the Philippines Essay

The focus of my thesis is about the Its more(prenominal) turn in the Philippines Campaign Slogan. I will discuss to you about why is it more fun in the Philippines. T present are already several tourists who proclaims that it is more fun here in the Philippines. Have you been wondering why? Well maybe youre wondering why beca call you collapsent been here. Well, to answer all your questions, I will state some facts here in my paper about why is it More Fun in the Philippines. I sincerely hope that youll delight in reading this and hopefully, i will be able to satisfy your curiosity.First, There are so many handsome places here in the Philippines like Luneta Park, Burnham Park, Puerto Prinsesa, Boracay, and etc. You will really enjoy viewing the scenery. I assure you that you will really appreciate everything that you will see here.Second, Filipinos are copen as cheery people. We Filipinos love to smile and laugh. Even though we are burdened by problems, you wouldnt notice it for we always laugh like we dont have a care in the world. We are also known as hospitable and friendly. Whether youre a tourist or a fellow Filipino, well surely welcome you warmly here in the Philippines.Third, we Filipinos are also known for our delicacies. Personally, not being able to taste food here in the Philippines, would be like missing a big part in my life. You must be thinking that im exaggerating, but i assure you, at a time you taste our food here, youll regret everything you thought.Lastly, We are also known for Bayanihan. We always assist those who are in need. For example, theres a calamity here in the Philippines. Filipinos would surely find a way to help each other. Even though we have problems ourselves, well always find a way to help those in need.With that, I can conclude that It is More Fun in the Philippines.Background of the StudyThis study aimed to document the production of the segment of Tourisms ( shipping) cutting international touristry be give n tagline Its more fun in the Philippines and to explore the factors behind the Agencys finding to tap the Social Media as its primary winding vehicle in promoting Philippine tourism through the new shift catchword. The study likewise assessed the effectiveness of the new media strategy in reaching its target market hostile tourists. Open-ended interview guides were used in securing information from transit and the Ad Firm prudent for the development of the new tourism campaign. A one-page structured-survey questionnaire was used particularly in generating feedback from foreign tourists on their awareness and perception of the new tourism promotion tagline Its more fun in the Philippines.A narration of the circumstances and process in the production of the new tourism campaign was made, together with an enumeration of the primary reasons behind the choice of the social media as the platform and channel in waging the new tourism campaign. The survey results showed that the Int ernet ranks Number 1 as a source of information on general matters and is a close second to friends, relatives and co-workers as the source of information that influenced the decision of foreign tourists to come to the Philippines. Quizzed and presented the current and the quartet other past tourism campaign taglines to determine their awareness of the present campaign, 47% of the foreign respondents accurately identified Its more fun in the Philippines as the current tagline. The respondents likewise rated the current tourism tagline as highly acceptable on its appeal, capacity to attract interest, reasonableness, realism, recall facility, and its capacity to be understood.Finally, the use of the Internet social media as the launching pad and channel for the campaign may be considered effective on the grounds that about 50% of the foreign respondents were aware of the new campaign slogan, and that 33% got their information from the Internet. The reach of the campaign in a very sh ort period was already very encouraging. It is recommended that the DOT extend or make its own survey if only to determine the number of foreign tourists who are attracted to come to the Philippines on account of the new tourism tagline Its more fun in the Philippines. There is also a need to customize a language translation service in the DOT website to make the campaign more virally far reaching.Statement of the Problem1. Do you think that a tourism campaign slogan plays an important role in attracting foreigners? 2. Do you agree with our campaign slogan Its more fun in the Philippines? 3. Do you think the DOT campaign slogan Its more fun in the Philippines is effective in terms of the tourism arrivals in the country? 4. Do you think that our recent tourism campaign slogan should persist in the same or should it be changed?Significance of the StudyTo give information of how the Its More Fun in the Philippines slogan was created or invented. To broaden the fellowship of the peop le about the new slogan campaign of the Department of Tourism. To know if the new slogan campaign is effective or not the tourism of the Philippines. To know what are the problems encountered by the Department of Tourism regarding their new slogan campaign. To help the Department of Tourism on how they can promote and improve more their campaign to have a higher number of tourism arrivals.Scope and Limitations of the StudyDOT launched again a new slogan. A line that would be easily understood. Its More Fun in the Philippines is the same as Its More Fun in Switzerland. jibe to Rome (2012) in her article in The Inquirer, the new tourism slogan of the Philippines is gaining more positive reactions from Filipinos since January when the slogan was released. The Department of Tourism said it spent P63 Million to buy good exposure for the campaigns television advertisement on CNN, that has been aired in Asia, Europe and the United States. Its More Fun in the Philippines has also launched at the planetary Travel Bourse in Berlin, which was attended by thousands of travel buyers.The campaign had already made a long way from its social media success where different versions of the slogan were posted in the internet. There are some airplanes that promote the Its More Fun in the Philippines campaign by painting the said slogan on the exterior of the plane. Half-Filipino American Idol Season II runner-up Jessica Sanchez is now the newest model of the poster of the Department of Tourisms vast campaign. According to Department of Tourism (2012), since the campaign of Its More Fun in the Philippines was launched in January, the Department of Tourism stayed positive because of the effects that the slogan gave.According to escritoire Jimenez, There are currently policy reforms to facilitate the entry of the foreign tourists, infrastructure developments to improve the travel areas within the country, investments for expanding and improving the transportation, recreation faci lities and accommodations that will help the Department of Tourism meet the year-end target. According to IPSOS Philippines, the slogan is communicating its intended messaging that is making each Filipino proud and tell how beautiful the Philippines is, making people want to travel more and visit different tourist spots around the country, and making people believe and see that it is sincerely more fun in the Philippines.Visitor arrivals to the Philippines stroked the target of an all-time high of 1,148,072 during the first three months of the year, posting an increase of 16.03 percent compared to last years arrivals of 989,501 for the same period. Deputy presidential spokesperson Abigail Valte said the Department of Tourism (DOT) undersecretary Ramon Jimenez Jr. has announced the good news that 2.14 million foreign travellers visited the country from January to June this year. The take care was 11.68 percent higher compared to the same period in 2011. The local tourism industry t argets 4.6 million tourists by the end of the year.

Champion equality, diversity and inclusion Essay

1 Understand diversity, referity and cellular inclusion in own atomic number 18a of province transformation means difference. Diversity recognizes that although people have things in common with each other, they ar also different and unique in many ways. Diversity is ab erupt recognizing and valuing those differences. It therefore consists of visible and non-visible factors, which include personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and acetify-style in addition to the characteristics that are protected under discrimination principle in terms of race, impairment, gender, religion and belief, sexual orientation and age.By recognizing and watching our psyche differences and embracing them, and moving beyond simple tolerance, we can create a productive environment in which everybody feels precious. Equality is about creating a fairer society, where everyone can participate and has the opportunity to fulfil their authorization (DoH, 2004). Equality means b eing equal in status, rights and opportunities no matter what their race disability, gender, religion, beliefs and cultural differences, sexual orientation and age.see morepotential effects of barriers to equality and inclusionBy eliminating diagonal and discrimination, we can deliver services that are personal, fair and diverse and a society that is healthier and happier.Inclusion is a sense of belonging, feeling included, and feeling respected, valued for who you are, feeling a level of supportive energy and commitment from others so than you can contact your best. Inclusion meets everyone has access to resources, rights, goods and services, and is able to participate to activities.1.1 Explain models of serve that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibilityThere are 2 main models of practice underpinning equality diversity and inclusion the equal opportunities model and the difference and diversitymodel.In my role of registered manager, I am respon sible for ensuring that tout ensemble individuals, their families, members of staff, care workers and all those I work in partnership with, are treated equally, with dignity and respect.Within the adult home care setting there is a range of policies which formally sets out guidelines and procedures for ensuring equality. The equal opportunity policy takes into account the rights of all individuals and groups within the settings (equal opportunities model). In my managerial role, I promote equality and uphold individuals equality of opportunity, individual rights and choice, their privacy, individuality, independence, dignity and respect. I also promote equality of care, and confidentiality.In practice I support each individual wherever needed, inclusion, adapted to the individual postulate. I support inclusion by ensuring that, whatever their background or situation, are able to participate fully in all aspects of the care being delivered. Inclusive practices ensure that everyon e feels valued and has a sense of belonging. Inclusion in our settings is about providing the same opportunities and access to high quality fosterage as well as valuing differences as something we can learn and be empowered from rather than threatened (difference and diversity model).1.2 Analyse the potential effects of barriers to equality and inclusion in own area of responsibility There are many barriers to diversity and inclusion. The biggest ones are generally prejudice, culture and fostering and religious beliefs.Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on indicate or personal experience thus creating barriers to recognizing equality of rights for all. pagan barriers can prevent, for use, consideration of spiritual,relational or dietary needs that do not conform with expected traditional expectations.Religious belief, where different religious beliefs are not taken into account, and minorities are marginalized and not acknowledged.Other significant barriers c ould be structural, institutional and personal Structural, where circumstances create or result in barriers for example in access to a good education adequate housing, sufficient income to meet basic needs. Institutional, where policies, processes, practices sustain an organizational or service culture that excludes certain people or groups.Personal barriers, where staff can hold individual prejudices that influence their practice. These actions may be conscious, but they can often be unconscious mind or unwitting. Some vulnerable and disadvantaged individuals need more support to ensure their voice is heard and they are able to have power in the decision making process.Within our setting, if potential barriers to equality and inclusion arise, they are flagged and staff has a good understanding of individual customers. Barriers are then outback(a) or minimized the care delivery is adapted, person centered and where required resources or equipment provided. In order to minimize the effects of these potential barriers, we always ensure that All care delivered is appropriate to the age and level of need. All staff are positively encouraged to deliver care to someone with complex needs in which they might not usually be engaged. All staff working with those using our service understands the policy on diversity and equality. We provide all literature in easy to read and large print to accommodate our customers needs. All practices and procedures in the setting are discussed and anything that is identified asbeing discriminatory towards any group or individual is amended. Management has a sound knowledge of diversity, equality and anti-discrimination issues. We assess and raise the level of sensation amongst the team about diversity and equality issues and practice.The detrimental effect of barriers to diversity and inclusion can foster low morale and lack of motivation in our care workers and customers.Having an awareness of these potential barriers and th eir effects allows us to address them timely and effectively.1. EQUALITY ACT 2010Equality coiffe 2010 is the law which bans unfair treatment and helps achieve equal opportunities in the workplace and in wider society. The act replaced previous antidiscrimination laws with a single act to make the law simpler and to remove inconsistencies. This makes the law easier for people to understand and comply with. The act also strengthened protection in some situations. The act covers nine protected characteristics, which cannot be used as a reason to treat people unfairly. Every person has one or more of the protected characteristics, so the act protects everyone against unfair treatment. The protected characteristics are age disability gender reassignment marriage and civil partnership pregnancy and maternity race religion or belief sex sexual orientationThe Equality Act sets out the different ways in which it is unlawful to treat someone, such as direct and indirect discrimination, haras sment, victimisation and failing to make a commonsense adjustment for a disabledperson. The act prohibits unfair treatment in the workplace, when providing goods, facilities and services, when exercising public functions, in the disposal and management of premises, in education and by associations (such as private clubs).The equality act will for instance impact on my role as manager with regards recruitment. You will need to ensure that my romp specification does not discriminate against particular groups of applicants. When processing applications you should concentrate on an individuals abilities to do the job, not their disabilities. Make adaptations to accommodate individuals differences e.g. working hours, special equipment needs etc.The impact legislation and policy has on the promotion of equality, diversity and inclusion within my setting is ensuring policy and procedures are written and adhered to and carried out within the setting, that all staff has an awareness of leg islation and policy surrounding equality, diversity and inclusion in practice.

The Meaning of Death in “The Dead” by James Joyce

The Dead is a apologue written by James Joyce as a bulge of the collection that was later on entitled as Dubliners. It is the last story that he composed but certainly was sensation of the first stories on the contender between the living and the dead. It is considered to be one of the best written stories and account of Ireland in terms of the citys geographical, historical, and political details. It is even said that around of the local references are painstakingly exact as that of the original scenarios in an everyday Dublin life (Joyce, 2008).While the title of the story suggests gloomy scenes such as a funeral or a wake ceremony, a first reading of the story would tell us that the story is all about an annual Christmas garner w here friends and old friends meet to catch up with everything that is happening in their lives. However, if we look at the story real deep, we will notice that the story really revolves into the characters of the orthodontic braces Gabriel and Gre tta Conroy. Like all the other couples in the said party, Gabriel and Gretta are an epitome of a happy couple.It stomach be said that the hunch over of Gabriel to Gretta is so large that instead of traveling home from the party, they decided to stay in a hotel because he was afraid that she might be ill due to the weather. Gretta, on one hand, is giving back the wonder that she receives from Gabriel. This is evident in the couples treatment of each other in the Christmas gathering. However, there is something in the party that do Gretta feel strange. This is when she heard the song that reminds him of a boy she once fallen in love with. It was a young boy I used to know, she answered, named Michael Furey. He used to sing that song, The Lass of Aughrim. He was very delicate (Joyce, 2008). Gretta confessed this while they were in the hotel room that they rented to stay for a wickedness when Gabriel is anticipating a romantic night with his wife. At first he felt really jealous. Furthermore, he inquired into the very nature of their relationship. Gretta confessed everything that made Gabriel angry at one moment.He even suspected that the causal agency why Gretta would want to that one roll is because she wanted to see her first love. However, as the narration progresses, which speaks of Michael Fureys death by tenability of Gretta herself, his anger ebbed to the menstruation of it being replaced with an epiphany in relation to love, death, and the past. He then realized that lost loves are the most difficult thing to let go in ones liveliness (Joyce, 2008). So she had that romance in her life a man had died for her sake.It hardly ained him now to think how poor a part he, her husband, had played in her life. He watched her while she slept, as though he and she had never lived together as man and wife. His curious eyes rested long upon her face and on her copper and, as he thought of what she must have been then, in that time of her first girlish beaut y, a strange, friendly pity for her entered his soul. He did not handle to say even to himself that her face was no longer beautiful, but he knew that it was no longer the face for which Michael Furey had braved death (Joyce, 2008).This epiphany leads Gabriel to recall and reflect on the terminology that he had delivered in the party his idea that the past is dead and that it should be buries in oblivion because it will just bring memories that would either hurt them or impair their anticipation of the future. In the words of Gabriel, There are always in gatherings such as this sadder thoughts that will recur to our minds thoughts of the past, of youth, of changes, of absent faces that we miss here this evening. Therefore, I will not linger in the past. I will not let any gloomy moralising intrude upon us here tonight (Joyce, 2008).However, he also enunciated his admiration of the past especially of the old set of tradition and love in which he said that a thought-tormented age and sometimes I fear that this new generation, educated or hypereducated as it is, will lack those qualities of humanity, of hospitality, and kindly humour which belonged to the older day (Joyce, 2008). Therefore, the idea of death that the story is trying to paint to us is the death of old traditions and values that are still living to those who have experienced such in the past handle that of Gretta.The death in the story is the deterioration of values that the Irish are known for that Gabriel mentioned in his speech. However, this is an irony because while he talked about the old values that should be retained, he himself is not doing his part in this endeavor of preserving the old Irish values and tradition. As observed by Ms. Ivors, he has become a West Briton because he prefers to travel to places like France, and Germany instead of seeing the countryside of Ireland. He denounced his own place of birth in exchange for the West and rejected his own native language.The West, e ven though, more industrialized than Dublin, is still a land of ghost and a land of unhappy things. The West is a place where the ghost of the past have a terrible hold on the living, where tradition leads to bigoted religion and terrorism (Hodgart, 1978). The death can also be attributed to a death of the traditional love that everybody would want to have. In the story, while it is evident that Gabriel loves Gretta, his love for her is limited to that of the physical love. When they were in the hotel, all he can think of was a romantic night with her.Like distant music these words that he had written years before were borne towards him from the past. He longed to be alone with her. When the others had gone(a) away, when he and she were in the room in the hotel, then they would be alone together (Joyce, 2008). However, after Gretta had told him the story of Michael Furey, he felt very small and inadequate. This is for the reason that his love to Gretta is nothing compared to that of the love of Furey. After hearing the story, he was quick to realize that his love for her is limited and not the kind of love that she has expected of him.His love is so puny to the love that Michael Furey has given his wife. He cannot in any way give up his life just for his love for Gretta. This further suggests that love died along with the death of Furey and that the love that Gabriel offered to Gretta, cannot be considered love in her standards. The image of death in the story is not the same as what we normally perceive, a wake, a funeral, and grief. But the death is on how the glorious past is buried in everyones memory that will for a long time or for a lifetime haunt them.

Psychology Experiment

Title An investigation into the electrical shock of chemical sort pressure on an respective(prenominal)s betoken of the amount of beads in a pot ( spice granules in a disturb). IV = Group/ soul DV = soulfulness beads foreshadow Abstract This experiment investigated the impact of group pressure on the one-on-one. The assumption is that group pressure does indeed impact on the individual and in this case the individuals venture of the number of ginger granules in a jar. Participants were asked to make a judgement of the number of ginger granules in a jar, starting line individually and then as a group.The individual role players were then interviewed once again to see if their prefigures had swapd. The results proved the hypothesis that group pressure does make an impact upon the decision of the individual. severally individual turnd their original compute to be closer to the number of the group estimate. Introduction The subject of concord was prototypal formally studied by 1Jenness in 1932. Jenness experiement consisted of three phases. Firstly, he asked individual thespians to guess the number of beans in a glass jar.He then assembled the individuals into a group and asked them to make a group estimate, through group discussion, of the number of beans in the glass jar. Finally Jenness interviewed each of the participants individually, during which he allowed each individual to change their estimate if they wished to do so. The purpose of this was to see if anyone changed their original estimate to align with the group estimate, thus showing 2 exercise of the majority. He found that the majority of individuals changed their original estimate, giving a normal that impersonate closer to that of the decision of the group.This suggests that individuals generally strive to conform to the group. This experiment was followed by a famous conformity experiment by Solomon Asch (1951), which again clearvassed the effect of group pressure on an i ndividuals decision. The current experiment will investigate the effect of group pressure on an individuals estimate of the number of ginger granules in a glass jar. It will be performed using a method similar to the one used by Jenness in his experiment. This will in effect test the reproducibility and validity of the Jenness experiment.There are no contentious or controversial issues surrounding this experiment and its method, and it is for certain within the law i. e. there are no deceptions or misleading intentions toward the participant it is fair. Hypothesis The influence of group pressure will affect individuals estimates of the number of ginger granules in a glass jar. The estimate of the individual will change after a group decision to lie closer to the figure of the group. Method The IV was the group or individual, and the DV was the number of ginger granules in the glass jar.Two separate cortege were used one for interview of the individual one at a time. When not bein g interviewed the individual was instructed to go the second room where the rest of the group resided for the period of the experiment. Both rooms contained only the subjects of the experiment, and of quarrel the experimenter, and no one else was permitted into the aforementioned areas. Television, radio and opposite forms of communicative devices were forbidden from these areas. The participants were three members of a family.The first was male and 67 years of age. The second was female and 52 years old. The third member of the family was male, and 25 years old. Materials * Jar of ginger granules * Watch * Sheets of paper + pen Procedure * Initial tests were carried out to curb that the participants fully understood what they had to do. Participants were asked to describe what they saw i. e. the jar of ginger colour and dimensions, in order to condition colour blindness, other impairments, or general misunderstandings of the task would not cause any anomalies to the experimen t. Each participant was asked please can you guess the number of ginger granules in the jar with no variation to this language. nonindulgent rules were also stated, and these included that there be no touching of the jar/granules in question, no count and a two three minute time limit was enforced. This happened in one room, and once an estimate had been received, the individual returned to the other room and the next individual collected. The question was repeated to the remaining two individuals. The estimates were recorded. The group was then asked the same question please can you guess the number of ginger granules in the jar, and the rules were restated. The figure for the group decision was recorded. * The participants were then interviewed individually once more(prenominal), with the same question asked and a restatement of the rules. The estimates were recorded. Results Individual Number of beads estimate (before) Number of beads estimate (after) Group estimate A two hu ndred 350 300 B 500 400 C 100 300 Graph showing the dispersion of estimates in comparison to the group estimate DiscussionAs we can see from the results and graph, the estimates of the individual are closer to the group estimate of the number of ginger granules in the jar after the group discussion has taken place. Each participant changed their original estimate after a group discussion had taken place, to make their estimate closer to the group estimate. Therefore we can conclude that group pressure has a great impact on an individuals decision, and that the individual will seek to conform to the ideas of the group. It is interesting to see that participant C changed their original estimate by the largest igure a difference of 200, and more importantly, participant C modify their original number to the number of the group estimate. We can say that participant C was most squeeze on by group pressure wanting to conform the most. Although participants A and B did not change the ir original estimate to the exact number of the group estimate, they did make their alterations closer to the group estimate. Therefore it can be said that participants A and B were impacted by group pressure, seen by a change in their estimates, however not completely as was the case with participant C.Analysis of the group dynamic revealed that the more charismatic and extrovert the participant the greater the input into the final group decision, the greater the inclination of other group members to align with the view of the apparent leader. Reference list 1. Mcleod S. What is conformity? SimplyPsychology 2007. http//www. simplypsychology. org/conformity. hypertext mark-up language 2. Mcleod S. What is conformity? SimplyPsychology 2007. http//www. simplypsychology. org/conformity. html

Corrective Essay: Military Bearing and Respect

According to Field Manual 6-22, host Bearing is defined as having or projecting a commanding presence and a professional image of authority. The joined States phalanx is structured on several values and principles that it upholds, among these are troops way, discipline and respect. Leaders should be able to make these big decisions with all his confidence projecting out with his soldiery bearing.A attractor should look like a leader, disciplined, confident, and has the skills and abilities to persuade and provide their subordinates with the motivation, direction and purpose so as to achieve a mission without macrocosm easily rattled by problems that arises. The Three General Orders of a Soldier, The articles of UCMJ, as well as our own Soldiers Creed illustrates how a military service member should conduct himself or herself on a daily basis, on and off duty. Honor is to live up to all the Army values. Integrity is to do what is right, legally and morally. Be departing to do what is right even when no matchless is looking.It is our moral compass an inner voice. Army regulations and The Articles of the Uniform Code of soldiers Justice show us how a military service member should conduct themselves on a daily basis. Military bearing has many components that are involved such as self-discipline, discipline of others, taking appropriate actions for events or taskings, addressing superiors befittingly and dependability. Not just one thing tummy prove you have military bearing its takes being a professional and and a leader in all aspects of life to prove that you have military bearing.Self-discipline performer that you have the ability to control yourself. If you do not have self-discipline you whitethorn be viewed as hot headed and unreliable. If you contributet help maintain discipline of others it shows poor leader station therefore making the unit from the lowest level to the highest level. Taking appropriate actions for events or taskings essen ce that in the event that something bad happens contact the chain of command and the appropriate authorities so the situation can get handled. Dependability is a major aspect of military bearing.Without dependability, one can neither serve properly in the workspace nor be depended upon by their coworkers, or chain of command to carry out their military duties adequately. A military member is required to be punctual, and reliable. Duty requires a willingness to accept full tariff for your actions and for your subordinates performance. It also requires a leader to take the initiative and anticipate requirements based on the situation. Duty means accomplishing all assigned tasks to the best of your ability. The proper and faithful performance of duty is the standard.The value and efficiency of the soldier is measured, and the measure of his efficiency and value is not determined by the prominence of the duty which he performs. Military bearing is to conduct yourself with dignity and i n such a manner to reflect credit upon the fortify services. Military bearing exists when this individual is proud of their military service. When you exhibit military bearing you are masking lower enlisted soldiers how to act and giving them an example to follow. Knowing how to properly march, stand at attention, parade rest, as well as all other facing movements establishes ones ability to follow orders precisely.A lot of self-discipline comes with having good military bearing, which explains and reinforces the necessity to have it. Not everyone has good military bearing. Military bearing and respect are something that you have to work on and maintain control of, you can dupe it but if you do not work on a maintain control of it then you will lose the respect or bearing you may have earned. Having good military bearing means you are tactful and polite while also being neat in appearance and can carry out the highest level of professionalism.Its very important to follow directi ons, or else the world would be in chaos. Respect, especially in the Army is a very important value to live by. It is much much than just talking kindly and listening to someone. It is the process of taking into consideration someones emotions, feelings and needs. It is showing someone that you value their time that you care what they have to say. Behavior and attitude will allow the soul demanding respect to feel that respect. When we respect each other, there are fewer conflicts. Respect is not merely shown verbally, but also by ones behaviors and actions.If someone you respect asks you to do something, you should do it at present and without hesitation. You should do it quickly. Earned respect builds a stronger relationship between people, can be more precise then demanded respect, and is more stable than demanded respect. Also, true respect must be built on experience, and therefor it is illogical to instantly demand it. Earned respect builds a stronger respect and a strong er relationship between people. So you should always be respectful to others so they will treat you the way you want to be treated.

Health Services Organization Essay

Identify and evaluate at least three take outs that have moved(p) the growth of the wellness c ar system in the U.S.The U.S. health accusation system has continually evolved due to the victory of innovative fore-thought. These innovations have been both strategic and tactical, influenced by all segments of the health awe industry. Thither ar umteen key strategic and tactical innovations, I will e rideate on three forces I feel attain the development of the health treat system in the U.S. they are Increasing live of healthcare, incite of economics on the healthcare system, and labor force trends in the U.S. as it relate to healthcare. * The steadily change magnitude cost of healthcare in the U.S. 1. The Unites States is k flatn as the land of plenty, only if if you are a congenital of this great nation you king feel quite differently about that statement. Being poor here has to be much like universe poor eitherwhere else in the world, poor is poor what might be differ ent is opportunity. The opportunity that we are going to discuss is that of the pursuit of receiving the best healthcare irrespective of race, creed, national origin, or station in life (being with or without money).The cost of health care in the U.S. neared 2.6 trillion dollars in 2010, this is a staggering amount of money but what make it more stupefying is that this amount is ten eras higher than the 1980s sum of 256 billion dollars that was generated by health care system (population bulletin, 2008). The rate of funds generated by health care has slowed down in recent years, but still is expected to sour faster than the national income. Our country need to address this growing file and not merely let politician say its a major policy priority, sincerely make it a priority for the boilersuit good of our nation. Furthermore, the United States has been in a recession for some of the past decade, resulting in a high rate of unemployment and lower incomes for many Ameri cigare ttes.These conditions have put crimson more attention on health spending due to its affordability. Since 2002, employer- sponsored health care coverage for employee and family premiums increase by 97%, making the pursuit of health care a burden on the workers and employers. Medicare covers change people as well as the elderly while Medicaid provides medical coverage for low-income families. Medicare enrollment has get hold ofsome tremendously over the years due to the aging spoil boomers and Medicaid due to the recession.This has added considerably to government spending, reach both federal and state budgets. Health spending accounted for 17.9% of the nations Gross interior(prenominal) output (GDP) in 2010 (kaiserEDU.com, Health Policy from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, Explained). * Economic affect healthcare.2. Economics and health care is rattling simple to explain, especially by someone who has come upn first-hand families being mentally tormented, because the y could not afford dental care for their children, the check-up not covered by the companys insurance to enable your child to be worthy to play football, or not being able to afford the prescription medication. There are many reasons families go without medical care, and far too many times its just because the individual is upkeep just above the poverty line which make them ineligible for assistance. I personally feel the affect economics have on healthcare or the lack there of, can never be explained any clearer unless you are experiencing it yourself.* Labor force trends in the U.S.3. In the 1960s the U.S. labor force grow at the rate of 1.7 percent annually and continue to grow into the 70s as the baby boomer (those born between 1946-1964 generation continued to reach adulthood and enter the workforce. During this same design women began to enter the workforce as never run throughn before causing the labor force to grow at a rate of 2.6 percent annually. One might not see thi s as a health issue, but with women joining the workforce men began to feel the pressure, causing health complication. Women on the other hand who at one time lived the life of a care free house wife, but now working in corporate America has started to feel stress now heart attacks are the way out one killer of the American female species.I distinguish there was nothing glamorous about being a slave, but slaves lived with just about no illnesses or life threatening diseases, know blacks have the highest numbers when it comes to diabetes, HIV, and high blood pressure than any other ethnic group (but we are free), freedom should make us take life more serious and take care of ourselves as well as our children.During the 1980s and 90s fewer people entered the workforce, therefore the labor force growth slowed down and ranged from 1.6 to 1.1 percent. Even though we had covered on set of baby boomers we were about to see another set reach adulthood and struggle for a place in the workp lace (U.S. labor force trends), in-turn smasheds no health insurance because they are no longer their parents dependent. Healthcare is graceful a great necessity due to infectious diseases, the year of the flower children seem to have beam more than just flowers.Health Insurance Companies are not seeing their usual capital pull ahead at this point, consequently a change in the way benefits are pay across overall is about to change. At one time people thought as long as they paid their insurance premiums the benefits would be there when or if it was needed (we learned to read the fine print). * Speculate whether or not these forces will continue to affect the health care system in the U.S. over the adjoining decade. (Include a force that was not mentioned that you believe will impact the health care system of the nation. unfortunately we show no immediate signs that the cost of healthcare will decline in the Unites States anytime soon. With all the flurry about healthcare, the res one fact everyone seems to agree on American medicine cost too much, especially considering what were getting for the money. As expert look toward the future, they dont see the cost dropping dramatically anytime soon.Curbing the rise in healthcare cost depend on our ability to gain control of the many forces causing them to climb, technology has helped other industries lower costs by eliminating waste and increasing efficiencies, but its done the opposite in healthcare (Lisa Zamosky, Los Angeles Times, September 12, 2012. Without any dispute Im sure we can all agree the deliverance will unendingly affect healthcare and the people who need it, which will always be everyone. We all hope the economy will make a rapid recovery, but thats just not how things work just as it took decades of bad decisions to get us where we are today its going to take time for our nation to make a meaningful recovery.Over the next 50 years, the labor force is intercommunicate to grow even more slowl y (at about 0.6 percent per year) as baby boomers retire. What will this mean as far as health care is concern well as we grow elder our need for healthcare on a regular base becomes more essential than it was when we were in our acme (population bulletin). Baby boomers, reaching senior living status promotes a different type of demand on the medical system a tremendous demand for those employed by senior living facilities, as well as those providing home health care. * Evaluate the importance of technology in the health care system.Technology is the driving force behind the universe, if you are not a believer just recover about the devices you use to get through your day hence technology. Medical technology is constantly presenting us with new devices that make our lives more fulfilling, we have laser surgery, hip replacement, artificial limb to replace have on out or damaged ones, cataract surgery that have advanced so rapidly its amazing, can you believe a person can have hea rt surgery and be walking about the next day? This is all because of technology, its amazing. This is something we cannot put a price on, what is being learned and the advances being made due to research technology is saving lives as well as making lives cave in each and every day.ReferencesKaiserEDU.com, Health Policy, from the Henry J. Kaiser family foundation, Explained, Cost and Spending.http//www.kaiseredu.org/en/Top ics/Costs-and-SpendingPopulation Bulletin, Vol. 63 no(prenominal) 2, June 2008, U.S. Labor Forces TrendsBy Marlene A. Lee and Mark Mather(Marlene A. Lee is a senior research associate and editor program of the Population Bulletin at the Population Reference Bureau.She holds degrees in public policy analysis and development sociology/demography from the University of North CarolinaAt Chapel Hill and Cornell University.Mark Mather is associate vice president of Domestic Programs at the Population Reference Bureau, where he coordinatesseveral projects that communica te population research to advocacy groups, educators, the media, and the public.He holds a doctorate and a masters degree in sociology/demography from the University of Maryland.http//www.prb.org